r 1 r 2 , . , , 1,03 1,07 , .
1 x 2 . .
2-8.
U 20 . .
(2-52)
. , . 2-23 . 2-24.
. 2-23. ( ).
. 2-24. ( ).
I 0, 510% ( ). ∆ .
:
(2-53)
(2-54)
n , . (2-54) , :
(2-55)
m = m 100 n = n100. m n , . 2-25. , :
(2-56)
(2-57)
u u o u (2-48), (2-49) (2-50). . m n :
; .
. 2-25 .
. 2-23 , , U 1 . . 2-25 .
. 2-25 (2-56) :
(2-58)
(2-59)
m n (2-55), :
(2-60)
, .
, . 2-25, (2-60) , cos . 2-26 2-27.
. 2-26. U% = f (b) cosφ2 = const. . 2-27. U% = f (cosj2) b = const.
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(. . 2-16).
cos φ2 = cos φ, . 2-23.
2-9.
.
, , , , P 0. , , . ( 510%) . P 0 ( 2) 1,3 (f1,3).
, , .
(...) : 0,96 S ≈ 5 0,995 , .
(2-61)
2 () ; 1 () , .
, ...
(2-62)
;
m ;
r 75 P 0 75 , , , . U2 = U 2 = const, P 0 = const.
, , :
(2-63)
S = mU 2 I 2 ; .
(2-63) . . :
. . , ... , :
, (2-64)
. . ( ).
, , :
P 0: P . = 0,5÷0,25, : = 0,7
, ... , 5070% . .
...
(2-62, )
2-10.
, , .
.
. 2-28.
. 2-28. .
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( , . , .
, , . 2-29.
. 2 29. .
, , , ( 2-13).
. 2-30, .
. 2-30. .
(. 2-8). , , , . , . . . 2-30, . , , . (. 2-30, ).
, , , , . . , .
2-11.
, . 2-31.
. 2-31. .
, . X. : .
, . 2-32.
. 2-32. .
, . , .
, , . 2-33.
. 2-33. .
, , .
. 2-34 .
. 2-34. .
, .
Y/Y " " " ". Y/D " " " ". , , , Y0 .
, U 1 U 2 w 1 w 2 ( ), :
Y/Y
Y/∆
∆/Y
2-12.
... , ...
1 12; , 30 1, 2,..., 12 . ... , ... . .
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, . 2-35.
. 2-35. 1/1-12.
(, , X a ), ... , (. 2-35). , 12. : 1/1-12.
, , , , ... 180 (. 2-36).
. 2-36. 1/1-6.
, 6.
, . 2-37.
. 2-37. Y/Y-12.
. ... , ... ab 0. , . , 12. : Y/Y-12.
12 , , 6 (. 2-38). : Y/Y-6.
. 2-38. Y/Y-6.
Y/Y 6 12, . , b b b , . . . 120 , , 12 4 8, b 10 2. , Y/Y 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.
Y/∆ . 2-39.
. 2-39. Y/∆-5.
..., , , ... 330. , 11. : Y/ ∆ -11.
(. 2-39) , 5 (. 2-40) ..., 150. Y/∆-5.
. 2-40. Y/∆-5.
, . 2-39 2-40, 11 3 7 5 9 1. , Y/∆ ( ∆/Y) no 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11.
, , ( 2-17).
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: 12 11. Y/Y 12, Y/∆ 11.
2-13. ,
. , .. i 0 w 1 i 0 = f (t) . , i o i μ, i 0.
= f (t) , u 1 , , ... 1 . i μ = f (t) , . 2-41.
. 2-41. i μ = f (t) .
= f (i μ) ( ). = /(t) i μ = f (t), a, b, , d . . = f (i μ) .
, . . , , , 14 500 . .
. , , , , . i , .
, . i μ = f (t) , = /(t) . 3- . . 2-42 = /(t) i μ = f (t).
. 2-42. = /(t) .
, b, . ., i μ = f (t), .
Y0/Y. , , . 2-43.
. 2-43. Y0/Y.
. , , o , . , .
( Y/Y) , . , , ...
... . , , , ; : ... 4050% ...
Y/Y ... . : 57% ... , , , , , , . 2-44.
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. 2-44. , .
. 2-44 , ( , ).
... ... , ... , ... , ... , , .
, , , ... . , , , ... ; , .