.
2
7.1.1
18 .
7.1.2
(-3,60 ). d=4,8 .
7.1.3
.
:
=(N+N+N)/(BL)=NK/(aB2)+gd,
g - , 2,3 /3,
d - , 4,8 .,
k - , :
=M/N=10,2/274=0,037 → k=1,1 ( . 18[6])
a=lk/bk=l/b=0,6/0,4=1,5
=2741,1/(1,5B2)+2,34,8=200,93/B2+11,04
:
(B)=200,93/B2+11,04
R :
R(B)=(gc1gc2/k)(Mg2kzBgII+Mq2d1g'II+(Mq2-1)dbg'+Mc2c2),
d1=hs+hcfgcf/g',
hs=0,95 - ,
hcf=0,25 - ,
gcf=2,5 /3 - .
d1=1,2+0,252,5/((1,751,823+2,012,757+1,070,22)/(1,823+2,757+0,22))=1,285
db=2 - - .
R(B)=(1,21,1/1)(0,721B(1,072,718+1,042,487+1,225,173)/(2,718+2,487+ +5,173)+3,871,285(1,751,823+2,012,757+1,070,22)/(1,823+2,757+0,22)+(3,87- -1)2(1,751,823+2,012,757+1,070,22)/(1,823+2,757+0,22)+6,450,6)=1,081B+31,525;
R(B)=1,081B+31,525
. , , Bmin=2,92 . B=3,0 .
= 1,53,02=13,5 2;
L=/B=13,5/3,0=4,5 .
4,53,0 .
19.
. .
:
V=0,44,53,0+0,33,42,4+0,32,31,8+3,11,21,2=8,883 3
N=Vg=8,8832,5=22,208 .
: V=V-V=4,53,04,8-8,883=55,917 3
N=Vg=V(g1h1+g2h2+g3h3)/(h1+h2+h3)=55,917(1,751,823+2,012,757+1,070,22)/(1,823+2,757+0,22)=104,46 .
:
..=(N+N+N)/(bl)=(274+22,208+104,46)/(4,53,0)=29,68 /2
R .
R.=1,0813,0+31,525=34,768 /2
..=29,68 /2 < R.=34,768 /2
7.1.4
:
|
|
=(+d)/(N+N+N),
=10,2 , =2,8 , d=4,8 .
=(10,2+2,84,8)/(274+22,208+104,46)=0,059 < l/30=0,15 . (l=4,5 ),
.
:
max/min=N/AM/W=N/A(16e/l),
N=400,668 - , =bl=4,53,0=13,5 2- , - , W - .
Pmax/min=400,668/13,5(160,059/4,5)
Pmax=32,214 /2; Pmin=27,514 /2
:
max£1,2R Pmin>0.
max =32,214 < 1,2R=1,234,768=41,722 /2;
28,21 > 0 .
7.1.5
:
szp+szq£Rz(.),
szp,szq z , /²; Rz z, /².
szp=ao=0,10320,713=2,14 /2,
Po - , a - , .1 . 2 [1] η=l/b ζ=2z/b
Po=P..-szgo=P..-(g1h1+g2h2+g3h3)= =29,68-(1,751,823+2,012,757+1,070,22)=20,713 /2,
: P..- ;
- .
2z/b= 27,518/3=5,012 l/b =1,5 a=0,103
szq=ågihi=1,751,823+2,012,757+1,072,938=11,875 /2
:
Az=(NII+N+N)/szp=400,668/2,14=187,228 ²,
bz= -a,
a =(l-b)/2=(4,5-3,0)/2=0,75
bz= =12,95
:
R(B)=(gc1gc2/k)(Mg3kzbzgII+Mq3d1g'II +Mc3c3);
Rz=(1,21,1/1)(0,56112,95(1,042,487+1,225,713)/(2,487+5,713)+3,24(1,823+2,757+2,938)(1,751,823+2,012,757+1,072,938)/(1,823+2,757+2,938)+5,840,3)= =64,258 /²
: szp+szq£Rz
2,14+11,875=14,015 < 64,258, .. , , , , .
7.1.6
.
:
S=bS(szpihi)/Ei,
S - , b=0,8 - , i - i- , szpi - i- , hi - .
, :
szp<0,2szg
szg=å(gihi).
szp=αP, Po=P..-szgo=P..-(g1h1+g2h2+g3h3)=29,68-(1,751,823+ +2,012,757+1,070,22)=20,713 /2,
a - , .1 .2 [1]
h=(0,2 0,4)b
3.
szp | szg0 | 0,2szg0 | |||||||||
zi, | 2z/b | l/b | a | a*Po | g*h | 0,2*g*h | Ei | hi | scpi | Si | |
0,000 | 0,000 | 1,5 | 20,713 | 8,967 | 1,7934 | 0,91 | 19,791 | 0,011256 | |||
0,910 | 0,607 | 1,5 | 0,911 | 18,870 | 9,941 | 1,9882 | 0,91 | 16,539 | 0,009407 | ||
1,820 | 1,213 | 1,5 | 0,686 | 14,209 | 10,914 | 2,1828 | 0,898 | 12,086 | 0,006783 | ||
2,718 | 1,812 | 1,5 | 0,481 | 9,963 | 11,875 | 2,375 | 0,83 | 8,554 | 0,010143 | ||
3,548 | 2,365 | 1,5 | 0,345 | 7,146 | 12,738 | 2,5476 | 0,83 | 6,224 | 0,00738 | ||
4,378 | 2,919 | 1,5 | 0,256 | 5,303 | 13,602 | 2,7204 | 0,827 | 4,660 | 0,005506 | ||
5,205 | 3,470 | 1,5 | 0,194 | 4,018 | 14,462 | 2,8924 | 3,511 | 0,002065 | |||
6,205 | 4,137 | 1,5 | 0,145 | 3,003 | 15,682 | 3,1364 | 2,651 | 0,00156 |
|
|
S=5,4 , S=8
S.=5,4 > 0,4S.=0,48=3,2 .
7.1.7
, .
7.1.8
φ=45º;
F1=4,66,1=28,06 ² - ;
F2=8,610,1=86,86 ² - ;
V= (F1+F2)h/2=(28,06+86,86)2/2=114,92 ³
1³ 2 1 3,6 . 1 7%.
.=114,921,073,6=442,67 .
1³ 31 .
.=318,883=236,6 .
:
.=.+.=442,67+275,373=718,043 .
3
7.2.1
20 .
7.2.2
(-3,60 ). d=4,8 .
7.2.3
.
:
=(N+N+N)/(BL)=NK/(aB2)+gd,
g - , 2,3 /3,
d - , 4,8 .,
k - , :
=M/N=0/91=0 → k=1 ( . 18[6])
a=lk/bk=l/b=0,6/0,4=1,5
=911/(1,5B2)+2,34,8=60,667/B2+11,04
:
(B)=60,667/B2+11,04
R :
R(B)=(gc1gc2/k)(Mg2kzBgII+Mq2d1g'II+(Mq2-1)dbg'+Mc2c2),
d1=hs+hcfgcf/g',
hs=0,95 - ,
hcf=0,25 - ,
gcf=2,5 /3 - .
d1=0,95+0,252,5/((1,752,28+2,012,3+1,070,22)/(2,28+2,3+0,22))=1,289
db=2 - - .
R(B)=(1,21,1/1)(0,721B(1,073,54+1,043,4+1,223,62)/(3,54+3,4+ +3,62)+3,871,289(1,752,28+2,012,3+1,070,22)/(2,28+2,3+0,22)+(3,87-1)2(1,752,28+ +2,012,3+1,070,22)/(2,28+2,3+0,22)+6,450,6)=1,057B+31,214;
R(B)=1,057B+31,214
. , , Bmin=1,659 . B=1,8 .
= 1,51,82=4,86 2;
L=/B=4,86/1,8=2,7 .
2,71,8 .
. .
|
|
: V=0,42,71,8+3,71,21,2=4,032 3
N=Vg=4,0322,5=10,08 .
: V=V-V=2,71,84,8-4,032=19,296 3
21.
N=Vg=V(g1h1+g2h2+g3h3)/(h1+h2+h3)=19,296(1,752,28+ +2,012,3+1,070,22)/(2,28+2,3+0,22)=35,57 .
:
..=(N+N+N)/(bl)=(91+10,08+35,57)/(2,71,8)=28,117 /2
R .
R.=1,0571,8+31,214=33,117 /2
..=28,117 /2 < R.=33,117 /2
7.2.4
:
=(+d)/(N+N+N),
=0 , =0 , d=4,8 .
=(0+04,8)/(91+10,08+35,57)=0 < l/30=0,09 . (l=2,7 ),
.
Pmax=Pmin= ..=28,117 /2
:
max£1,2R Pmin>0.
max =28,117 < 1,2R=1,233,117=39,74 /2;
28,117 > 0 .
7.2.5
:
szp+szq£Rz(.),
szp,szq z , /²; Rz z, /².
szp=ao=0,03219,269=0,617 /2,
Po - , a - , .1 . 2 [1] η=l/b ζ=2z/b
Po=P..-szgo=P..-(g1h1+g2h2+g3h3)= =28,117-(1,752,28+2,012,3+1,070,22)=19,269 /2,
: P..- ;
- .
2z/b= 28,34/1,8=9,267 l/b =1,5 a=0,032
szq=ågihi=1,752,28+2,012,3+1,07 3,76=12,636 /2
:
Az=(NII+N+N)/szp=136,65/0,617=221,475 ²,
bz= -a,
a =(l-b)/2=(2,7-1,8)/2=0,45
bz= =14,439
:
R(B)=(gc1gc2/k)(Mg3kzbzgII+Mq3d1g'II +Mc3c3);
Rz=(1,21,1/1)(0,56114,439(1,043,4+1,223,62)/(3,4+3,62)+3,24(2,28+2,3+ +3,76)(1,752,28+2,012,3+1,073,76)/(2,28+2,3+3,76)+5,840,3)=68,446 /²
: szp+szq£Rz
0,617+12,636=13,253 < 68,446, .. , , , , .
7.2.6
.
:
S=bS(szpihi)/Ei,
S - , b=0,8 - , i - i- , szpi - i- , hi - .
, :
szp<0,2szg
szg=å(gihi)
szp=αP, Po=P..-szgo=P..-(g1h1+g2h2+g3h3)=28,117- -(1,752,28+2,012,3+1,070,22)=19,269 /2,
a - , .1 .2 [1]
h=(0,2 0,4)b
4.
szp | szg0 | 0,2szg0 | |||||||||
zi, | 2z/b | l/b | a | a*Po | g*h | 0,2*g*h | Ei | hi | scpi | Si | |
0,000 | 0,000 | 1,5 | 19,864 | 8,8484 | 1,76968 | 0,7 | 18,208 | 0,007966 | |||
0,700 | 0,778 | 1,5 | 0,859 | 16,552 | 9,5974 | 1,91948 | 0,7 | 13,671 | 0,005981 | ||
1,400 | 1,556 | 1,5 | 0,56 | 10,791 | 10,3464 | 2,06928 | 0,7 | 8,170 | 0,003574 | ||
2,100 | 2,333 | 1,5 | 0,288 | 5,549 | 11,0954 | 2,21908 | 0,7 | 5,010 | 0,002192 | ||
2,800 | 3,111 | 1,5 | 0,232 | 4,470 | 11,8444 | 2,36888 | 0,74 | 3,757 | 0,001738 | ||
3,540 | 3,933 | 1,5 | 0,158 | 3,045 | 12,6362 | 2,52724 | 0,7 | 2,630 | 0,00263 | ||
4,240 | 4,711 | 1,5 | 0,115 | 2,216 | 13,3642 | 2,67284 | 0,7 | 1,946 | 0,001946 | ||
0,000 | 0,000 | 1,5 | 19,864 | 8,8484 | 1,76968 | 0,7 | 18,208 | 0,007966 |
|
|
S=2,6 , S=8 .
7.1.7
, .
7.2.8
φ=45º;
F1=3,44,3=14,62 ² - ;
F2=7,48,3=61,42 ² - ;
V= (F1+F2)h/2=(14,62+61,42)2/2=76,04 ³
1³ 2 1 3,6 . 1 7%.
.=76,041,073,6=292,9 .
1³ 31 .
.=314,032=124,992 .
:
.=.+.=292,9+124,992=417,892 .
4
7.3.1
22 .
7.3.2
(-3,60 ). d=4,8 .
7.3.3
.
:
=(N+N+N)/(BL)=NK/(aB2)+gd,
g - , 2,3 /3,
d - , 4,8 .,
k - , :
=M/N=5,2/123=0,041 → k=1,1 ( . 18[6])
a=lk/bk=l/b=0,6/0,4=1,5
=1261,1/(1,5B2)+2,34,8=92,4/B2+11,04
:
(B)=92,4/B2+11,04
R :
R(B)=(gc1gc2/k)(Mg2kzBgII+Mq2d1g'II+(Mq2-1)dbg'+Mc2c2),
d1=hs+hcfgcf/g',
hs=0,95 - ,
hcf=0,25 - ,
gcf=2,5 /3 - .
d1=0,95+0,252,5/((1,752,58+2,012,0+1,070,22)/(2,58+2,0+0,22))=1,292
db=2 - - .
R(B)=(1,21,1/1)(0,721B(1,074,08+1,044,0+1,222,6)/(4,08+4,0+2,6)+ +3,871,292(1,752,58+2,012,0+1,070,22)/(2,58+2,0+0,22)+(3,87-1)2(1,752,58+ +2,012,0+1,070,22)/(2,58+2,0+0,22)+6,450,6)=1,041B+31,012;
R(B)=1,041B+31,012
. , , Bmin=2,047 . B=2,1 .
= 1,52,12=6,615 2;
L=/B=6,615/2,1=3,15 .
3,32,1 .
23.
. .
: V=0,43,32,1+0,32,11,6+3,41,21,2=5,436 3
N=Vg=5,4362,5=13,59 .
: V=V-V=3,32,14,8-5,436=27,828 3
N=Vg=V(g1h1+g2h2+g3h3)/(h1+h2+h3)=27,828(1,752,58+ +2,012,0+1,070,22)/(2,58+2,0+0,22)=50,846 .
:
..=(N+N+N)/(bl)=(126+13,59+58,846)/(3,32,1)=28,634 /2
R .
R.=1,0412,1+31,012=33,198 /2
..=28,634 /2 < R.=33,198 /2
7.3.4
|
|
:
=(+d)/(N+N+N),
=5,2 , =0 , d=4,8 .
=(5,2+04,8)/(126+13,59+58,846)=0,026 < l/30=0,11 (l=3,3 ), .
:
max/min=N/AM/W=N/A(16e/l),
N=198,436 - , =bl=3,32,1=6,93 2- , - , W - .
Pmax/min=198,436/6,93(160,026/3,3)
Pmax=30,055 /2; Pmin=27,342 /2
:
max£1,2R Pmin>0.
max =30,055 < 1,2R=1,233,198=39,838 /2;
27,342 > 0 .
7.3.5
:
szp+szq£Rz(.),
szp,szq z , /²; Rz z, /².
szp=ao=0,0386819,864=0,768/2,
Po - , a - , .1 . 2 [1] η=l/b ζ=2z/b
Po=P..-szgo=P..-(g1h1+g2h2+g3h3)= =28,634-(1,752,58+2,012,0+1,070,22)=19,864 /2,
: P..- ;
- .
2z/b= 28,88/2,1=8,457 l/b =1,5 a=0,3868
szq=ågihi=1,752,58+2,012,0+1,074,3=13,136 /2
:
Az=(NII+N+N)/szp=198,436/0,768=258,38 ²,
bz= -a,
a =(l-b)/2=(3,3-2,1)/2=0,6
bz= =15,485
:
R(B)=(gc1gc2/k)(Mg3kzbzgII+Mq3d1g'II +Mc3c3);
Rz=(1,21,1/1)(0,56115,485(1,044,0+1,222,6)/(4,0+2,6)+3,24(2,58+2,0+4,3) (1,752,58+2,012,0+1,074,3)/(2,58+2,0+4,3)+5,840,3)=142,419 /²
: szp+szq£Rz
0,768+13,136=13,904 < 142,419, .. , , , , .
7.3.6
.
:
S=bS(szpihi)/Ei,
S - , b=0,8 - , i - i- , szpi - i- , hi - .
, :
szp<0,2szg
szg=å(gihi)
szp=αP, Po=P..-szgo=P..-(g1h1+g2h2+g3h3)=28,634-(1,752,58+ +2,012,0+1,070,22)=19,864 /2,
a - , .1 .2 [1]
h=(0,2 0,4)b
5.
szp | szg0 | 0,2szg0 | |||||||||
zi, | 2z/b | l/b | a | a*Po | g*h | 0,2*g*h | Ei | hi | scpi | Si | |
0,000 | 0,000 | 1,5 | 19,864 | 8,7704 | 1,75408 | 0,816 | 18,464 | 0,009416 | |||
0,816 | 0,777 | 1,5 | 0,859 | 17,063 | 9,64352 | 1,928704 | 0,816 | 14,094 | 0,007188 | ||
1,632 | 1,554 | 1,5 | 0,56 | 11,124 | 10,51664 | 2,103328 | 0,816 | 9,068 | 0,004625 | ||
2,448 | 2,331 | 1,5 | 0,353 | 7,012 | 11,38976 | 2,277952 | 0,816 | 5,810 | 0,002963 | ||
3,264 | 3,109 | 1,5 | 0,232 | 4,608 | 12,26288 | 2,452576 | 0,816 | 3,903 | 0,001991 | ||
4,080 | 3,886 | 1,5 | 0,161 | 3,198 | 13,136 | 2,6272 | 0,8 | 2,771 | 0,003167 | ||
4,880 | 4,648 | 1,5 | 0,118 | 2,344 | 13,968 | 2,7936 | 0,8 | 2,066 | 0,002361 |
S=3,21 , S=8
S.=3,21 > 0,4S.=0,48=3,2 .
7.3.7
, .
7.3.8
φ=45º;
F1=3,74,9=18,13 ² - ;
F2=7,78,9=68,53 ² - ;
V= (F1+F2)h/2=(18,13+68,53)2/2=86,66 ³
1³ 2 1 3,6 . 1 7%.
.=86,661,073,6=333,814 .
1³ 31 .
.=315,436=168,516 .
:
.=.+.=333,814+168,516=502,33 .
1. 2.02.01-83. / -.:1985.- 41.
2. , . . : / .. , : - , 2006. 151 .
3. , : . / . . , .. , . . .; . . . . 2- ., . . .: . ., 2002. 566 .:.
4. ( 2.02.01-83)/ . , 1986.
5. 2.02.03-85. ./ . - .: 1986.- 48 .
6. .
7. .. , -, :1975
8. .., .. . . - , . , 1994 ., -108 .
9. .. : . .- 3- . - ., , 1990. - 304 .
10. 23-01-99. .
11. e .. . .: , 1979. 168.