UMTS, LTE (bearer) (QoS Quality of Service). :
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- .
QoS 9 QCI (QoS Class Identifier). 2 :
- GBR (Guaranteed Bit Rate),
- Non-GBR.
[13] 9 (.7.1).
eNB . QCI 1,2, 3 7 , UDP/IP. . [13] , .6.1 [7] P-GW UE. 50 , , .
7.1
QCI | () | PERL | |||
10-2 | |||||
GBR | 10-3 | , | |||
10-3 | |||||
10-6 | |||||
10-6 | (IMS) | ||||
300 | 10-6 | , TPC/IP | |||
Non-GBR | 7 | 100 | 10-3 | , , | |
8 | 300 | 10-6 | , TPC/IP | ||
PERL (Packet Error Loss Rate). PERL ≤ 10-6 TCP/IP. , . TCP/IP ( , E-mail, ) 9.
(bearer) QCI. :
- ,
- GBR , ,
. GBR .
(scheduler) eNB. :
|
|
- UE,
- ,
- , UE ,
- UE, .
.
LTE. LTE , . . LTE.
VoIP. VoIP , iLBC (Internet Low Bit Rate Code) Skype Googlenet, 64 13 /. ROHC VoIP 40 60 1-3 .
VoIP . , IMS, 300 , .
VoIP PDCCH, VoIP . (Semi-Persistent Scheduling) . ( DCCH) . PDCCH SID (Silence Identifier) . PDCCH VoIP ( packet bundling). .
( ) GSM/UMTS. . , (MSC) LTE .
. () . LTE Rel. 8/9 20 . , .
Rel. 10 . , . OFDM, 1 . , , , . .
|
|
(5, 10, 20 ), ( ), . 5. ( ) (. 2.23). , LTE , . 2.5, c .2.6.
.2.23.
, Rel.10, .
UE (primary, PCell), ‒ (secondary, SCell). : , , SIB, , eNB ., UE, .eNB. UE, , , NAS. UE , .
PDCCH UE , 2 . PDCCH . , , () , . PDCCH eNB . PDCCH .
[5, AnnexJ] 5 . 1 (. 2.24,) F1 F2 , , .
2 (.2.24) F1 F2 , , , F1 17, F2 7. F2 , , F1. , F1 F2 , F2 .
) )
)
.2.24.
3 (.2.24) F1 F2 , F2 , F1. . 2.11, F1.
MIMO, 1 /. 20 64- 70 /. 4 20 , 4 , 4×4×70 ≈ 1 /
2-3 UMTS, CDMA2000, LTE WiMAX. : , , ( Home NodeB) , .
|
|
(. 10.1)
- (Macrocell). 500 ‒ 1500 . , .
- (Microcell). 300 ‒ 500. . ( - -, , , . .).
- (Picocell). 100 ‒ 300. , , , (, . .).
- (Femtocell). 20 ‒ 50. , (, ).
. 10.1.
LTE . , . (femtocell) ‒ , ( 20 ). Home eNodeB (HeNB).
E-UTRAN . 1.7.
.1.7. E-UTRAN
, . , UE HeNB , / . - (. 2.3), 4G. .
HeNB. , , , CSG (Closed Subscriber Group). , HeNB. CSG CSG ID. , (Hybrid Access). , , (.. CSG), .
, Rel.10 . . 1.7 2, . Rel. 8-9 (. [1, . 9.3]). 2 , .
|
|
2 . (HeNB) /S-GW () HeNB GW S1 (. 1.7, 1.8).
.1.8. HeNB
, S1-MME (S1-C), ( S1-U) . eNB, HeNB . S1 UE IPSEC, SeGW.(Security Gateway). HeNB. , (CSG).
IP- LIPA (Local IP Access) HeNB. HeNB S5 (. 1.7), LIPA L-GW (Local Gateway) (. 1.9). LIPA HeNB S1 , PDN GW. LTE , , ( ) PDN GW, LIPA IP-.
.1.9. LIPA
LIPA L-GW HeNB, . S5 , S-GW PDN GW (. 1.1). LIPA . L-GW HeNB, HeNB L-GW IP-. S5 IPSEC.
LIPA . 1.10 [6].
.1.10. LIPA
LIPA , S1-U S5. LIPA. LIPA , HSS. , LIPA, (CSG). LIPA , , . LTE Rel.11 UE, LIPA.
LIPA SIPTO (Selected IP Traffic Offload), , . PDN GW, UE (. 1.11).
.1.11. SIPTO