:
-303, 3
,
_____________________________
_____________________20___.
...
_____________________________
_____________________20___.
2016
....................................................................................................... 3
.............................................................................................................. 6
- ........................ 7
4. : ..................................... 11
........................ 15
.................................................................. 18
................................................................ 20
............................................................................. 21
8.1. .................................................................. 21
8.2. ........................................................... 24
8.3. ........................................................................ 25
................................................................... 26
..................................................... 28
.................................... 29
11.1. ............................................................................. 29
11.2. .......................................................................... 30
11.3. ................................................................ 30
......................................................... 32
....... 35
......................................... 39
.............................................................................................. 45
....................................................... 46
, Homo Sapience Sapience , - " , , . ( ) , "[1], , , , , () .
|
|
, , , , , . , , , , .
- " () , , ( ), ( )".[2]
, , () , . , , :
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
.
, , .
, - " , , . , , ( ), , ".[3]
, , . , , , , , , . , , , , .
, , , , , . , , , , . , , , ?
|
|
.
.
:
", .
, .
, .
.
-
( ) , , , , , , , .
, :
( )- / Y- , X/Y- ;
- (. ) / , / / ;
- , , /; , ;
- / , / , .
- , , - . - - , [4] , , , , . [5]. , , , , , , , . - - , .
, : , , ?
-, , , , , , - . , , - .
|
|
-, , , - , . , - , , , - , , . - , , , .
, , , , , - ( .. ) , , , [6], .. , / , , / . , / , . - .
, , / . , , , - . , , , (), - , - - , .
, , - , .
:
, , , . , , , , . - - , , . / , , , , .
, , . , , , - , . , , : , , . , : , , , , . [7]
|
|
, , .. , , , , , . , , (Iain Banks,The Wasp Factory,1984), , , , . - , , (Francis Leslie Cauldhame), (Frances Lesley Cauldhame), , , . (), ( , ).
, gender, , - , , . , gender :
1)- culturally and socially constructed difference between men and women (as indicated by terms such as 'gender affairs' and 'gender politics') that varies from place to place and time to time[8].-( ( , ), )
2)- one of the categories (masculine, feminine, and neuter) into which words (such as nouns, adjectives, and pronouns) are divided in many languages[9].-( (, ) (, , ) )
1980- 1990- . , , . , , . .
- , , ; , "[10]. - , , ; - , . , . , - , - . , - , . , , - , . , , , : (, ..), , .
|
|
, , , , , , .