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:

// Worker

Worker *pw;

:

pw = &worker; // worker Worker

, , :

Worker *pw = &worker;

() -> (, ):

pw->salary = 150000;

1.2.2.3. . >

> . , :

(*pw).salary = 150000;

. >, [], (, ).

, ,

Worker *pw = staff;

++pw->code;

code ( ) staff, pw.

:

Worker *pw = new Worker; //

pw->age=28;

pw->code=3983;

Worker *pwd = new Worker[k]; // k

delete:

delete pw;

delete [] pwd;

,. ->, :

pwd[2].age=28;

(pwd+2)->code=3983;

(*(pwd+2)).salary=35000;

( , . > , *).

, , C++ :

Worker staff[100];

...

int nAge = staff[1].age;

int iCode = (staff+2)->code;

int iAge = (*(staff+2)).age;

.

, .

C++ , , .

, , , . .

, () (), ( ).

- () .

, , .

(encapsulation) .

, , .

.

2. C++: -

, - - . C/C++ - . C, C++, - stdio. C++ , - iostream.

C++ C, - C.

C/C++ -, , . , - . , , , . , . . - , . , . , .

, .

, ( , , ). , () . , , . , .

( ), ( ) ( , ).

, , , .

, , (, ), .

C++ , ios streambuf. ios , streambuf . istream ostream . iostream, . (ifstream, ofstream, fstream) .

istream , ostream . iostream.h. - : cin, cout, cerr clog. cin , cout, cerr clog . cout, cerr clog ostream, cin istream. , . , , (cerr clog ).

cout cerr Unix . .

, , >>, <<.

2.3. >> <<

>> istream << ostream C++ (char*). , ("") . , C++, . , , ("") .

>> , ( ). , .

>> (int, long, short, double, float), (, ). (double, float) , . .

<< , .

<< . , , :

cout << x << ' ' << y;

:

((cout << x) << ' ') << y;

<<, :

cin >> x >> y;

>> , , , , , char. , >>, , .

C++ - ifstream ( ), ofstream ( ) fstream ( ). , , istream, ostream iostream, , , ios. , - -, .. - fstream.h.

:

- ;

- ;

- (/);

- ;

- .

- (ifstream, ofstream fstream):

ifstream f1; // f1

ofstream f2; // f2

, ( f1 f2 ) ( new):

ofstream *f3 = new ofstream; // f3

//

- , , , , - . - (ios, istream, ostream). :

ofstream f4("d:\\test4.txt"); // f4 ,

//

open:

f1.open("d:\\test5.txt"); // f1

//

, , , 11.4.3.

>> << -, 11.4.5. close:

f4.close();

f3->close();

( delete):

delete f3;





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