2.1
. . , , , . . . : . . . . , , ; . , , . . . , k-
, , , k :
:
k-e : ,
, :
x3+3x2-6x-1=0 , C++.
1
2
2.2 . .
/=f(x,y) - 0, 1, n 0, =F(x), 1, 2,, n,
i=F(xi)(i=1,2,, n) F(x0)=y0. (1)
, =F(x) . h=xk-xk-1 .
, (). . , , .
(1)
x=x0, y(x0)=y0 (2)
(1) [,b].
[a, b] n 0, 1, 2,, n, xi=x0+ih (i=0,1,, n), h=(b-a)/n- .
(i)yi i+hf(xi, yi) (i=0,1,2).
=(), 0(0, 0), 012 i(xi, yi) (i=0,1,2,); iMi+1 , , , (1),
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i. (1) R{|x-x0|£a, |y-y0|£b} :
|f(x, y1)- f(x, y2)| £ N|y1-y2| (N=const), (3)
|df/dx|=|df/dx+f(df/dy)| £ M (M=const),
:
|y(xn)-yn| £ hM/2N[(1+hN)n-1], (4)
(n)- (1) =n, n- , n- .
: h, h/2. n*
|yn-y(xn)||yn*-yn|. (5)
. .
=3-3, (0,1)=0,5, [0,1;0,6],h=0,05, C++.
3
4
2.3
, . , - , , -. , - , , -.
, A B , A*B ≠ B*A. , A*B B*A. , A 3*4, B 4*5, A*B 3*5, B*A .
: - A = [a1, a2, a3 an] B n*m, : [b11, b12, b13, b1m; b21, b22, b23, b2m; bn1, bn2, bn3, bnm].
A*B - 1*m, :
Cj = ∑ai*bij (i = 1 n, j = 1 m)
, i- - i- .
, A m*n - B n*1, - m*1, i- - B i- A.
A B, C++.
5
6
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3.-
3.1. - .
3.2. -
3.2. -
3.3. -
, . , , . , , . , . . . . . , .
. , , . - .
1. : / .. [ .]; . .. . .: , 2008. 400 .
2. , .. , [ ]/ .. . , 2010. 184 . : http://e.lanbook.com/books/element.php?pl1_cid=258&pl1_id=1108.
3. , .. [ ]/ .. . , 2010.544 . : http://e.lanbook.com/books/element.php?pl1_cid=258&pl1_id=1146.
4. , .. Borland C++ [ ]/ ... . , 2009. 214 .. : http://e.lanbook.com/books/element.php?pl1_cid=258&pl1_id=1230.
5. , ., ., . UML [ ]/ ., . , . . , 2008. 496 . : http: //e.lanbook.com/books/element.php?pl1_cid =258&pl1_id =1246.
6. OpenOffice.org [ ]. , 2009. 448 . : http: //e.lanbook.com/books/ element.php?pl1_cid =258&pl1_id =1223.
7. , .. MATHLAB 9.5 /10/11 , [ ]/ ... , 2010.752 . : http: //e.lanbook.com/books/ element.php?pl1_cid =258&pl1_id =1181.
1. #include <iostream>
2. using namespace std;
3.
4. int Function_3() {
5. float h;
6. float a;
7. float b;
8. float n;
9. float x[100]; // .
10. float y[100]; // .
11. cout << "\n \n";
12. cout << " y'=x^3-y^3 y(0.1)=0.5 \n\n\n";
13. y[1]=0.5; // . .
14. cout << " [a;b] h \n";
15. cin >> a;
16. cin >> b;
17. cin >> h;
18. n=(b-a)/h; // .
19. for (int i = 0; i <= n+1; i++) {
20. x[i] = a; //
21. a=a+h;
22. }
23. cout << " " << n << "\n\n"; //
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24. for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
25. cout << "X(" << i <<") = " << x[i] <<"\n"; //
26. }
27.
28. cout << "\n\n";
29. for (int i = 1; i <= n+1; i++) {
30. y[i+1]=y[i]+h*(x[i]*x[i]*x[i]-y[i]*y[i]*y[i]); // .
31. cout << "X(" << i-1 <<") = " << x[i-1] << " Y(" << i-1 << ")= " << y[i] <<"\n";
32. }
33. for (int i = 1; i <= n+1; i++) {
34. y[i+1]=y[i]+h*(x[i]*x[i]*x[i]-y[i]*y[i]*y[i]); // .
35. cout << x[i-1] <<"\n";
36. }
37. for (int i = 1; i <= n+1; i++) {
38. y[i+1]=y[i]+h*(x[i]*x[i]*x[i]+y[i]*y[i]*y[i]); // .
39. cout << y[i] <<"\n";
40. }
41. return 0;
42.
43.
44. }
45.
46. int Function_2() {
47. cout << "\n--- ---\n";
48. cout << ", : \n";
49. cout << " 33 - 3x1. \n";
50.
51. float Matrix[3][3]; // 33.
52. float vector[3]; // 3x1
53. float vector_new[3]; // .
54. cout << "\n 1, 3x3: \n";
55. for (int i = 0; i <= 2; i++) {
56. for (int j = 0; j <= 2; j++) {
57. cout << " " << i + 1 << " " << j + 1 << ": "; // , .
58. cin >> Matrix[i][j]; // .
59. cout << "\n";
60. }
61. }
62.
63. cout << "\n \n , ;D.\n\n\n";
64. cout << " 2: \n";
65. cout << " 3x1 (): \n \n \n";
66. for (int x = 0; x <= 2; x++) {
67. cout << ". "<< x + 1 << ": "; // ..
68. cin >> vector[x];
69. cout << "\n";
70. }
71.
72. cout << " \n .\n\n\n";
73. cout << " ! \n \n \n";
74. for (int j = 0; j <= 2; j++) {
75. for (int i = 0; i <= 2; i++) { // .
76. cout << Matrix[i][j] << " "; // "" .
77. }
78. cout << "\n\n";
79.
80. }
81. cout << "\n\n";
82. for (int x = 0; x <= 2; x++) {
83. cout << ". "<< x + 1 << ": " << vector[x] << "\n"; // "" .
84. }
85. cout << "\n\n\n , \n";
86.
87. cout << " 3x1: \n";
88. for (int j = 0; j <= 2; j++) {
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89. float result = 0.0; // result .
90. for (int i = 0; i <= 2; i++) {
91. result = result + Matrix[i][j]*vector[i]; // .
92. }
93. vector_new[j] = result; // .
94. }
95.
96. cout << "\n\n\n";
97. //cout << setprecision(7);
98. /* cout ,
99. - , cout no .
100. , setprecision, . */
101. for (int x = 0; x <= 2; x++) {
102. cout << ". "<< x + 1 << ": " << vector_new[x] << "\n"; // "" .
103. }
104. cout << "\n\n\n , , \n";
105.
106. cout << ", http://reshish.ru \n";
107.
108. return 0; // .
109. }
110.
111. int Function_1() {
112. //
113. float a; //
114. float b; //
115. float a1; //
116. float b1; //
117. float sigma; //
118. float max_step; //
119. float xm; //
120. float f_a; //
121. float f_b; //
122. float f_xm; //
123. int k; // f_xm
124. cout << "\n--- ---\n\n";
125. cout << " 1:\n .\n";
126. cout << " x^3+3*x^2-6x-1=0\n\n";
127.
128. cout << " :\n";
129. cin >> a;
130. a1=a;
131. cout << "\n :\n";
132. cin >> b;
133. b1=b;
134. cout << "\n : , 0.0001 \n";
135. cin >> sigma;
136. cout << "\n : , 1000 \n\n";
137. cin >> max_step;
138. //cout.precision(7); // .
139. cout << " 2:\n :";
140. cout << "\n = " << a << "\n = " << b << "\n = " << sigma << "\n = " << max_step;
141. cout << "\n\n 3:\n:\n";
142. for (int i = 0; i <= max_step; i++) {
143. if (b-a > sigma) { // ,
144. xm=(a+b)/2; //
145. f_a = a*a*a+3*a*a-6*a-1; //
146. // f_b = b*b*b+3*b*b-6*b-1; // ( )
147. f_xm = xm*xm*xm+3*xm*xm-6*xm-1; //
148. k=f_xm; // "0", , "0". "k" "int".
149. if (f_a*f_xm <= 0) { // ,
150. b=xm; //
151. cout << "\nb = " << b << " i = " << i+1 << " ";
152. }
153. else {
154. a=xm; //
155. cout << "\na = " << a << " i = " << i+1 << " ";
156. }
157. }
158. }
159. if (k == 0) {
160. xm=(a+b)/2; //
161. f_xm = xm*xm*xm+3*xm*xm-6*xm-1; //
162. cout << "\n\n " << a1 << " " << b1 << " = " << xm << "\n\n = " << f_xm << "\n\n";
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163. }
164. else {
165. cout << "\n\n .\n ,\n .\n\n\n";
166.
167. }
168. cout << "\n\n , , http://www.wolframalpha.com \n\n\n";
169.
170. return 0;
171. }
172.
173. int main() {
174. setlocale(0,"");
175. int menu = 5; // "menu".
176. if (menu!= 0){
177. cout << "\n \n";
178. cout << "\n";
179. cout << " 1 \n";
180. cout << " 2 \n"; // () "".
181. cout << " 3 \n";
182. cout << " 0 \n";
183.
184. cin >> menu; // 'menu'.
185.
186. switch (menu) { // , .
187.
188.
189. case 1: // "menu" "case".
190. cout << "\n : 1, \n"; //
191. Function_1(); // "Funktion_1".
192. main();
193. break; // "switch - case".
194.
195. case 2:
196. cout << "\n! , , : 2 \n";
197. Function_2();
198. main();
199. break;
200.
201. case 3:
202. cout << "\n : 3 - , \n";
203. Function_3();
204. main();
205. break;
206.
207. case 0:
208. cout << "\n , \n\n";
209. // system("pause"); // ,
210. return 0; // . .
211. break;
212.
213.
214. default: // , " ".
215. cout << "\n , ! \n";
216. cout << " 1, 2 3 \n"; // " ".
217. cout << " , ";
218. cout << "\n";
219. main();
220. }
221. }
222.
223.
224.
225.
226. return 0;
227. }