: , , . , . .
SMTP
, - . . , - . SMTP. NVT. NVT ASCII , .
, SMTP , .
. , -MTA. [email protected] , a HOSTI, HOST2 HOST3 - :
MAIL FROM:<@HOSTI, @HOST2, @HOST3: [email protected] >
, . MAIL , . SMTP, , . Internet .
POP3
- (POP) (SMTP).
Post Office Protocol (POP) - . , . - . .
, POP, : , . . , . .
IMAP4
IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol) . , IMAP4 , . IMAP4 , , . , INBOX, . IMAP4 , , IMAP4. TCP, IMAP4 143- . IMAP4 , .
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IMAP4 , . . . , , . .
IMAP , "-. . , , . , , , .
IMAP4 - . 20 .
MIME
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), : , , ASCII, , , , . MIME HTTP, , e-mail, e-mail.
0.. 255: KOI8-R, Windows 1251 Unicode(UTF-8).
KOI8 , UNIX. .
Microsoft Windows 1251.
Unicode (UTF-8) . Unicode , , , 65536 256. , , , . UTF-8 .
, , .
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, ( ). , , , . PDF. Acrobate Reader.
FTP
FTP ARPA . FTP- - Internet. FTP 1971 . FTP - TCP-. FTP :
- FTP 21, .
- FTP.
- . - .
, , FTP, .
HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - , . HTTP World Wide Web, 1990 . HTTP 1.1. HTTP , . , , (Universal Resource Identifier - URI), (URL) (URN). - - :
,
URI,
, , .
, : - . , , , .
WWW 80, .
.
HTTP
Web- , HTTP, :
GET /my.php HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/png, image/jpeg, */*
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0;
Windows XP;.NET CLR 1.1.4322)
Host: my.com
Connection: Keep-Alive
:
GET HTTP : " , .php, , HTTP 1.1".
Accept " ".
Accept-Language ", , ".
Accept-Encoding " , gzip deflate".
User-Agent " Microsoft Explorer 8, Windows XP".
Host " /my.php , my.com".
Connection: Keep-Alive " HTTP , ". , . Keep-Alive Web-
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Web- , , /my. php. , () (response) :
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 14 Mar 2010 21:36:39 GMT
Server: Apache/2
Last-Modified: Sat, 28 Nov 2009 03:59:01 GMT
ETag: "1387e3-5f88-479666db44b40"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 24456
Vary: Accept-Encoding,User-Agent
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
<html lang="en-US" xml:lang = "en-US"> <nlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<script>
HTTP- . (response header). . (body). :
HTTP/1.1 , HTTP 1.1. 200 HTTP : " , ".
Date , , . GMT, .
Server , .
Connection , , .
Content-Type , . .
HTTP
HTTP , Web-, -, HTTP-. :
GET-. HTTP, GET. , Web- URL-.
POST-. Web-, POST. , Web-.
HEAD-. URL, URL, HEAD.
, , . , Streams HTTP, , . , HttpClient.