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Chapter 1. Articles (indefinite/definite). Nouns. Numbers and Numerals. Verbs to be, to have, to do 5
Chapter 2. Prepositions: locators in time & space. Complex prepositions 21
Chapter 3. Adjectives. Adverbs. Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs 38
Chapter 4. Pronouns: subjective, objective, possessive, demonstrative & more 49
Chapter 5. Modal verbs and their equivalents. 61
Chapter 6. Imperative mood. Conditionals. 80
Chapter 7. Active voice in all tenses. 90
Chapter 8. Tense changes in passive voice. 117
Chapter 9. Infinitive. Infinitive constructions. 131
Chapter 10. Participle. Gerund. Gerundial constructions. 151
Chapter 11. Conjunctions: coordinating words. 169
Chapter 12. Word-formation. 179
Chapter 13. Review.. 196
Appendix A. Quizzes. 215
Appendix B. Keys to quizzes. 267
Appendix C. Table of irregular verbs. 270
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Chapter 1. Articles (indefinite/definite). Nouns. Numbers and numerals. Verbs to be, to have, to do
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| A (AN) a pen, an armchair a black pen some students He is a student. our institute, Kyiv | THE the books the interesting book The book is new. | this student some students our institute, Kyiv |
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1 Fill in the blanks with articles if necessary:
1 The doctor gave the wounded... first aid. 2 Caravan is... ten days journey across the desert. 3 It is... good advice. 4 Do you always stay indoors in... wet weather. 5 I saw... man and... girl in that car.... man was about seventy and... girl looked... teenager. 6 This problem seems simple at... first sight. 7 Where were you on... New Year's Day? 8 It's... demanding work, isn't it? 9 The thief was sent to... prison for a year. 10 Who won... first prize? 11 There is... black hair on your sleeve. 12 The children had... great fun in the camp. 13 My husband has gone to... school to have a talk with our son's teacher. 14 Have you got... two-month contract with the company? 15 My grandfather is in... very poor health. 16 Our teacher says that... knowledge comes to us through our senses. 17 The girl provided me with... interesting information about my new acquaintance's past. 18 Who is that girl with... blonde hair? 19 This is... wrong time to make a visit. 20 The patient is making... good progress. 21... Room 23 is on... third floor. 22 Who gave you... permission to enter this room?
2 Insert a or an where necessary:
1 This is good example. 2 English is international language. 3 health is better than wealth. 4 lemon is yellow. 5 polite person is always pleasant. 6 men and women like sport. 7 Twain and London are American writers. 8 That is beautiful flower. 9 I hate foggy weather. 10 orange is sweeter than lemon. 11 I like eating spicy food. 12 people are different. 13 This is English grammar book 14 love is blind. 15 pound is lighter than kilogram.
3 Use a, an, or some:
1 She made announcement. 2 He drinks water. 3 I had accident. 4 He has work to do tonight. 5 I need information. 6 I got a telegram from my sister. 7 Give me watch, please. 8 You may take sugar. 9 I prefer tea. 10 Theres sofa and armchair in the room. 11 Id like coffee. 12 Which would you like: apple or orange? 13 I heard interesting news. 14 We bought... furniture. 15 Is there letter for me?
4 Fill in the blanks with articles if necessary:
1 Oksana's mother is in... hospital, she is seriously ill. 2 On my way home I saw... man near our house.... man looked strange. 3 What... good weather! 4 I'd like to write good detective story. 5 Is Tom in? - No, he must have gone to... hospital to see his sick friend. 6 She is... very good teacher. 7 Hasn't your son come from... school yet? 8 They have... heavy luggage. 9 Ann has... wonderful hair. 10 Your granny is in... good health, isn't she? 11 Do you often go to... church? 12 What... pretty girl! 13 My friends wished you... good luck. 14 I will see you... hour later. 15 You are making... good progress. 16 My son failed to find... full-time work. 17 To get... job in that country foreigners need... special permission. 18 It's... wonderful news. 19... old friend came to see me. 20 He is in... Room 113. 21 Whose flowers won... first prize? 22 Could you give him... first aid? 23 I'd like to buy... new furniture. 24 She wants... advice on how to cook it. 25 Did you have... week's holiday? 26 I think we are in... wrong place. 27 There is... hair in your soup. 28 Let's have... five minutes' break.
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| -s -es y → ie + s fe → ve + s | a book books a class classes a study studies a life lives | : a man men a woman women a child children a tooth teeth a foot - feet |
5 Give the plural of the following:
House, mouse, potato, piano, dish, baby, valley, knife, thief, roof, cliff, woman, tooth, child, box, ox, sheep, brother-in-law
6 Give the singular of the following:
Heroes, kisses, flies, donkeys, loaves, feet, deer, men-of-war, sisters-in-law
7 Make the following compound nouns plural:
Toothbrush, railway-carriage, pocket-knife, housemaid, shoemaker, workman, manservant (be careful here!), classroom, bedroom, inkstand, armchair, table-cloth, windmill, matchbox, woman-teacher (are you sure?), teapot, snowball, bookshop, watchmaker
8 Translate the sentences. Give the singular and plural of italicized words:
1 The cause is undoubtedly a microbe which is present normally in the abdomen and which becomes virulent in certain circumstances, or a blood-borne organism which has emigrated from another focus. 2 The Bacillus Coli is often found, but streptococci of various kinds and even the "Typhoid Bacillus may occur. 3 In both cases cell-division was preceded by a division of the nuclei. 4 Protoplasm has repeatedly been subjected to chemical analysis. 5 It happens, for instance, in a case of detachment of the retina at the back of the eye near the ophthalmic optic nerve. 6 When treating the detachment of the retina with the help of a laser, use is made of the so-called phenomenon of coagulation.
9 Read the numerals:
) 2, 12, 20; 3, 13,30; 4, 14, 40; 5, 15, 50; 6, 16, 60; 7, 17, 70; 8, 18, 80; 9, 19, 90.
b) 23, 37, 45, 53, 68, 77, 89, 94, 100, 105, 125, 248, 472, 562, 748, 892, 974, 1245, 4567, 6748, 92 794, 563 249.
c) 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 8-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 15-, 18-, 20-, 21-, 22-, 23-, 25-, 27-, 29-, 30-.
10 Read the dates:
In 1812, in 1905, in 1935, in 1941, in 2000, in 2007.
11 Write the following in full:
1) 13%; 2) 1%; 3) 18.5%; 4) 55.9%; 5) 100%; 6) 87.5%.
12 Read the following fractions:
a) 1/8; 2/3; 3/4; 1/2; ¼; 1/3; 2/5; 7/8; 1/10; 1/6; 1⅓; 1½; 2¾; 7½; 2⅓.
b) 0.5; 0.25; 0.3; 0.75; 0.4; 0.2; 0.125; 0.8; 0.01; 0.05; 1.75; 1.33; 1.5; 1.25; 7.5; 3.4; 5.75; 2.75; 4.5; 8.03.
c) How do you say these numbers in English?
| 1) in 1999; | 9) 2.147; |
| 2) 400 books; | 10) 0.25; |
| 3) 100%; | 11) -5 Centigrade; |
| 4) 0.25; | 12) 7.75; |
| 5) 640303 (phone number); | 13) 1,250,000; |
| 6) June, 4; | 14) in 1940; |
| 7) 0.03; | 15) 12, October; |
| 8) 2¾; | 16) 51 %. |
13 Make sentences. Use the information from the table:
| There are | 60 seconds | in/on | December |
| 60 minutes | a day | ||
| 24 hours | a minute | ||
| 28 days | February | ||
| 31 days | a book | ||
| 7 days | Monday | ||
| 12 months | a year | ||
| 4 lectures | an hour | ||
| 100 pages | a week |
14 Answer the following questions. Pay attention to the figures:
1 When were you born? 2 What is your telephone number? 3 What is your address? 4 What is the population of your city/town? 5 How old is London? 6 When was London founded? 7 What is the population of London? 8 When do we celebrate New Years Day? 9 How far is it from London to Cardiff? 10 When does a new academic year begin? 11 How many days are there in a year? 12 Whats the telephone number of the first emergency aid? 13 What date is it today? 14 When did you enter the university? 15 Whats the phone number of your friend?
ij to be Simple Tenses (Active voice)
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| Present | Past | Future | |
| I | am | was | will be |
| he, she, it | is | was | will be |
| we | are | were | will be |
| you | are | were | will be |
| they | are | were | will be |
15 Complete the sentences with am, is or are:
1 She in my class. 2 They in the office. 3 It very difficult. 4 I not from England. 5 He a good student. 6 How you? 7 they at home? 8 The book here. 9 The class not very big. 10 The books on my desk. 11 your mother and father at work? 12 English very difficult? 13 The shop not open. 14 The rose beautiful. 15 I right? 16 It not my book. 17 Jane not a teacher. 18 They in the street. 19 It not his pen. 20 they late?
16 Choose the correct verb:
1 The news (is/are) heard on the radio at nine o'clock. 2 Some people (is/are) coming today. 3 Hob's trousers (is/are) torn. 4 The furniture in the room (is/are) of good quality. 5 His information (is/are) not correct.
17 Fill in the blanks with the necessary form of the verb to be:
1 I a medical student now. 2 My father an old worker. 3 Her brothers good engineers. 4 My friend a first-year student. 5 She at home yesterday. 6 Tarasenko a doctor next year. 7 I a doctor in five years. 8 We at the lesson. 9 I at the English lesson yesterday.
18 Fill in the gaps with am/am not, is/is not, are/are not to complete the story:
Our family a big one, we four: my father, my mother, my elder brother and I. My father a tall broad-shouldered man of 49. My mother a pleasant woman of 47. My parents economists and they fond of their profession.
They always very busy and when they at home I am ready to do everything in the house. My elder brother an economist, he a doctor, so he as busy as my parents. In the evening when we at home we glad to see each other.
Our personal hobbies the same. My mother fond of music, my elder brother a football-fan, my father and I interested in playing chess. But we all keen on making films. It our family hobby and useful for all of us.
| Are you a student? Yes, I am. No, I am not. |
| Is he a doctor? Yes, he is. No, he is not. |
| Are you a student or a doctor? I am a student. |
| Where are the students? They are at the lecture. |
| What are they? They are students. |
19 Give answers in the positive or negative form:
1 Is he a student of our Institute? 2 Is she a first year student? 3 Are they Arabians? 4 Is the TV set on the table? 5 Were you ill last week? 6 Are you well? 7 Was he at the lecture yesterday? 8 Will you be at the meeting tomorrow? 9 Is he a worker or a student?
20 Ask questions using the words in brackets:
1 His name is Peter. (What?) 2 He is at the lecture. (Where?) 3 His father is a worker. (What?) 4 Nina is ill. (Who?) 5 They are at home. (Where?) 6 He was a doctor. (What?) 7 They were at the English lesson yesterday. (When?) 8 The students are in this hall. (What hall?)
21 Translate into English:
1 . 2 ̳ . 3 . 4 . 5 , . 6 . 7 . 8 ? 9 ? 10 ?
22 Supply was/were:
a) 1 He very tired yesterday. 2 They not very happy together. 3 Why you angry with me last night? 4 Her doctor not very helpful. 5... they in France or in Spain last summer? 6 Mr. Jones not in the office yesterday. 7 I in bed all morning. 8 It not very warm in the swimming-pool, it? 9 You not very friendly to my sister. 10 She a beautiful baby. 11 They awake early this morning. 12 I not with them at the cafe. 13 Ruth on holiday last week. 14 It a very nice letter. 15 We very pleased to see you. 16 Michel and his brother Andrew here last year.
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b) It a very beautiful day. The sun hot and the sky blue. James and Wendy on the beach. They with their three children.
The children in the sea. The sea a bit cold but the children happy. There lots of other children in the sea too: some of them in the water with their parents. Wendy and James on the sand and James asleep with a book on his face. But suddenly there grey clouds all over the sky and the sun not hot any more. The beautiful weather finished and there wet picnics and wet people everywhere. A British summer holiday.
23 Read what Jane says about her life at the moment and her future. Ask questions. Use will or wont:
At the moment Im very busy. On week-days I am at my work very late and tonight is the same. Ill be at home as usual. After a light supper Ill be with my books on the computer. Im sick and tired of them but at the same time they will be of great use for me in my work.
But today Im happy because tomorrow is Sunday no work and no books.
So tomorrow afternoon Ill probably be out. I want to see a new exhibition of the modern art. Im sure it will be very interesting and exciting. I think it will be a good relaxation after my hard work.
I have more and more reason to be happy. At the end of the month Ill be on holiday in Rome with my friends. We will be glad to see each other again. I hope we will really have a good time.
24 Insert it is/there is/there are in the spaces:
1 Come on, children! time to get up! nearly breakfast. 2 a hotel in the village, so we want to stay there. 3 a pity you havent another magazine. 4 a post office in the city centre. 5 fine today. many people walking in the park. 6 Whats that noise? the wind. 7 a pond beside your home? Yes, . How deep ? 8 a bus that leaves at nine oclock? 9 a beautiful square near my house. 10 a drink for everyone who is thirsty. 11 some chocolates on the plate beside his bed. 12 not far from my house to the city centre. 13 too early to leave. 14 not true to say that shes my friend. 15 no mistakes in your dictation.
25 Put in the correct form of there was/there were:
1 a good film at the Regal yesterday. 2 some old friends of yours at the exhibition last night. 3... only a footpath here last year? 4 How many mistakes in your last exercise? 5 some men standing at the corner of the street ten minutes ago. 6 no one at home when I called for him. 7 only a few sandwiches left over from yesterday? 8... still several empty seats in the plane when I arrived. 9 every good dance bend in that restaurant last year. 10 no light in the kitchen when I got home. 11 How many people at his lecture yesterday? 12 a lot of time and we walked there. 13 no railways in the 18th century.
ij to have Simple Tenses (Active voice)
| Present | Past | Future | |
| I | have | had | will have |
| he, she, it | has | had | will have |
| we | have | had | will have |
| you | have | had | will have |
| they | have | had | will have |
: 䳺 to have to have got. : I have got many friends.
26 Fill in the blanks with the necessary form of the verb to have:
1 I a brother. 2 He two sisters. 3 They many friends. 4 This man a large family some years ago. 5 They got a good flat last year. 6 I a new coat next month. 7 You new textbooks tomorrow. 8 We got many relatives.
| Have you a brother? Yes, I have. No, I have not. |
| Has he got a friend? Yes, he has got. No, he has not got. |
| Do you often have English lessons? Yes, we do. No, we dont. |
| Have you a brother or a sister? I have a sister. |
| What books have you in your bag? I have English books. |
| How many lectures did you have yesterday? We had two lectures. |
27 Give answers in the positive or negative form:
1 Have you many friends? 2 Has he got a brother? 3 Do you have many books? 4 Did you have a lecture yesterday? 5 Do your parents a good flat? 6 Did he have a large family? 7 Has he got a dictionary? 8 Does Petrenko have a son or a daughter? 9 Will you have a meeting tomorrow? 10 Do you have a good watch?
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28 Ask questions using the words in brackets:
1 They have two lectures every day? (How many?) 2 His parents have a big house in the country. (Where?) 3 He has a good job. (What kind of work?) 4 Nick has a big family. (Who?) 5 You had your dinner at 5 oclock. (What time?) 6 They have a lot money. (How much?) 7 He has got three friends. (How many?) 8 They have a two-room flat. (What flat?)
29 Translate into English:
1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 ? 7 ? 8 ? 9 ? 10 ?
ij to do
1 䳺 (: do/does/did), 䳺 to make , , to make / -:
| He does it every day. | ³ ( ) . |
| He makes good things. | ³ / . (: Made in ...) |
2 䳺 Active Simple :
Do you speak English?
Did she come yesterday?
You dontlove Peter, do you?
3 䳺 Active Simple :
I dont (do not) speak French.
She doesnt (does not) know this man.
They didnt (did not) come yesterday.
She loves him, doesnt she?
Didnt you / Did you not see that film?
4 䳺 :
| Little did he realize. | ³ . |
| Only rarely does she come before ten oclock. | / . |
5 䳺-. :
| I do want to help you. | ( ). |
| She does love you. | ( ). |
6 䳺-:
| I know it better than he does. | , (). |
| He promised to help us and he did. | ³ , . |
7 :
| Dont be late! | ! |
| Dont open any windows! | ! |
8 /:
| Do be careful. | ҳ . |
| Do let us go to the hospital. | . |
9 - :
| I need some help. Do you? So do I. | . ? . |
| They didnt come yesterday. Didnt they? Neither did my doctor. | . ? ̳ . |
30 Put do or make in front of these words:
ones best; an appointment; business with someone; an experiment; an arrangement; research; ones hair; an attempt; a noise; something for a living; progress; an impression; somebody a service; a journey; a fortune; war.
31 Fill in the gaps with make or do in the necessary form:
1 My uncle Martin a lot of money with his company last year. 2 You didn't your homework yesterday. Why? 3 me a favour. Can you pick up my suit from the dry cleaner's tomorrow? 4 Before going to the airport, sure you have your ID with you. 5 I think Jane a mistake in her presentation yesterday. 6 It won't you any harm to eat more fruit and vegetables! 7 The police officer was only his duty when he questioned you about the robbery. 8 David had just me an offer I can't refuse. He's asked me to journey with him to Sydney! 9 It's always a pleasure to business with that company. 10 Jerry has fun of me because of my outfit! 11 Marge always the housework before going shopping. 12 Can you room for my suitcase in the wardrobe, please? 13 We a difficult mathematics test last Friday. 14 Mark has to make up his mind! He has to a choice now! Does he want to go to university or not? 15 I'm not in the mood to go to Ellen's party tonight. I think I'll an excuse and I'll stay home. 16 You don't need to win the competition, just your best! 17 I'd like to an inquiry regarding room availability for the 22nd of October. 18 A hot cup of chocolate me good whenever I feel low. 19 The hurricane some terrible damage to the neighbouring house. It was a nightmare! 20 I think scientists have an important discovery on how to cure AIDS.
32 Translate these senteces. Notice the functions of the verbs to do:
1 This field does not affect the forward motion of the electrons but does act upon the transverse motion. 2 Not all metals react with acids, and when they do the gas evolved is not always hydrogen. 3 Gold usually occurs in the natural state while iron does not. 4 The individual electrons do not move even approximately independent of the another as do, for example,the planets in the solar system. 5 Copper does not combine with oxygen when cold, but it does do so slowly when heated. 6 The beta-rays which do pass through the aluminium do not ionize the gas as profusely as do the alpha-rays. 7 Most authorities agree that catalysts do in some manner combine with the substance or substances upon which their catalytic influence is exerted.
33 Translate these senteces. Note functions of the verb to do:
1 Do you go to see your friends very often? 2 The young scientist did make the experiment successfully. 3 She did her exercise without any mistakes. 4 They usually study English every day. So does he. 5 She doesnt watch TV in the afternoon. 6 We asked the typist not to omit the sentence, but she did omit it. 7 Do you always have breakfast at home?- No, I dont. 8 I always do my morning exercises. 9 Do repeat these rules, I said to a friend of mine. 10 Peter made much more efforts to pass the exam than I did.
