, $6 , 60% [14]. , . , - - . , : , . , - : .
2007 - 2009 . . , . . 2011 . $14 , 95% , $9 2008 . , , , $9,5 , 64% [15]. , , , . 200-250% .
. $1,6 2011 . 100% . , 100% - (.1).
, . 2008 $450 . 2009 . $383 treasuries, 2010- $414 . , 1/5 , $2 , . . , , , .
1 - / 100%[16]
/ 2010 .,% | S&P | |
AA- | ||
BB- | ||
BB+ | ||
AA- | ||
AA+ |
, . 8,7% ($1,299 ) 2011 3,2% 2015 . ( ), 2015 . $19-20 . 115 125% . .
|
|
. , , . , . safe haven (. . ), . . , . . , . , .
, . , . , - . . . , . , . , . , , . , .
, ( ) 120% 1946 . 32% 1974 .
. 225% , . , .
, . , . , , . .
. $14 $4,4 , . . 1/3, . , , , . , , , , .
|
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. , , - , - , - . . , , , , . , - , . . . , , , . 2008-2010 . , , .
, , , .
, , , , , . , , .
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. , - . , . . , , . , . .
, . , . , , . , , . 35 , , - , , [17].
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. , , , - , , , .
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:
1. . . - .: -, 2007. 302 .
2. . ? // . 2011. - 6. . 27-29.
3. . . ., 2000. . 24-25.
- . // . -2006.- 1 - .58-67.
5. . . .: , 2008. 448 .
6. . - [ ]:. 2004. url: http://offline.business-magazine.ru/2004/55/112943/
7. . - [ ]:. 2007. url. http://offline.business-magazine.ru/2007/121/285483/
8. . // . 2006. - 4. . 11-25.
9. . [ ]:. 2009. url. http://expert.ru/expert/2009/01/pervuy_korporativnuy/
10. . // . 2011. - 7. . 3-10.
11. . . .: 2004.
12. . . 2006. 32 .
13. . , // . 2010. - 8. . 14-16.
14. [ ]: The World Factbook. 2011. url: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html
15. Dilip K. Das. International Finance. Contemporary Issues. N.Y., 1993. P. 471.
16. Jacob A. Frenkel, Michael P. Dooley. Analytical Issues in Debt. IMF. Washington, 1989. 415 P.
17. Publicdebt [ ]: 2011. url. http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/opd/opdpenny.htm
18. World Bank, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation World Bank Annual Report 1990. Washington, 1990.
|
|
[1] . . .: , 2008. .128.
[2] .. . 2006. .32.
[3] .. . ., 2000. . 18.
[4] .. . ., 2000. . 24-25.
[5] . . .: , 2008. . 142-143.
[6]Dilip K. Das. International Finance. Contemporary Issues. N.Y., 1993. P. 471.
[7] Jacob A. Frenkel, Michael P. Dooley. Analytical Issues in Debt. IMF. Washington, 1989
[8] World Bank Annual Report 1990. Washington, 1990
[9] . // . 2006. - 4. . 15.
[10] . // . 2006. - 4. . 11-25.
[11] . - [ ]:. 2007. url. http://offline.business-magazine.ru/2007/121/285483/
[12] . [ ]:. 2009. url. http://expert.ru/expert/2009/01/pervuy_korporativnuy/
[13] . [ ]:. 2009. url. http://expert.ru/expert/2009/01/pervuy_korporativnuy/
[14] . ? // . 2011. - 6. . 27-29.
[15] . ? // . 2011. - 6. . 27-29.
[16] CIAs World Fact book, Reuters.
[17] . ? // . 2011. - 6. . 27-29.