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XV - XVI

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XV - XVI

(1452-1519) 13- . .

 

 
 

 

(John Naiper, 1550-1617) . , - - , ( ), . . . . . , , , - . 1617 ( ) . , ( ) , , , .

(Wilhelm Schickard) - , - " " - . ( , ). .

 

(Blaise Pascal, 1623-1662) , - . . -. -, . , . , , . , - - . ( ) . . , .

 
 

 

 

, 1657 - - . , .

 
 

, , (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1646-1716) " " - , , , , , , . , ( ) , . : - , , . , 1820 60- .

1700 " ", ( ) , . " ". , , , - .

, , (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1646-1716) "Expication de l'Arithmetique Binary" - . 1679 .

, , 1723 , . , , , () , ,

1727

1727 (Jacob Leupold) ,

, 1751 " ", : " - , ... , , ... , - , , - , ". " ", , , . - , , , . , , , . , , - .

XVII ( 1770 ) . , , , " , , ". . .. (-). , , - . , , - " " .

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1775

Stanhope , , .


 
 

(Joseph-Marie Jacquard, 1752-1834) . ( , ) . , . , . , . , , , .

(1785-1870) , , . , 1890 : , .. , .

(Charles Babbage, 1792-1871) - , -, , . -, , . - (Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace, 1815-1852). , , .

. , . , - ( ) . () , 0 9. , ().

1937 (1806-1879) (1802-1875). . , .

(1791-1872) , . . , 6 ( 1858 ) , , . . - 10 - .

1846 , 100 - .

. , , "", "", " " "". , 19- , , . , , , . . . , , 1946 , .

, 1881 .

1847

(George Boole, 1815-1864) . . . : , 1 0. . : 0 1. .

(George & Edvard Scheutz) , .

, ( ).

1867 (1819-1890) , . 30 , ( QWERTY). , Shift 1878 , .

1936 , QWERTY, , , ,

1872

. (Baldwin) . .

 

(1847-1922), ( , ), (1854-1934) , () (). . , . . - .

(1828-1914) . , . , .
(1847-1931) . 1880 , 2,5 . " ".

1883 , , , , , , . , , - . , , " " - .

 

, 1881 -

, , , . 1874 , 1890 . "" 50- .

1906 . 1917 . 20- . , 1914 " " 22 .

 

(Herman Hillerith, 1860-1929) " ". . , .

, . . 240 (12 20 ). 240 . , , , .

 
 

, , .. , 1912

(1849-1945), " ", . , .

.

. .

- . "" .

..- . . (1919) , , .

(Vannevar Bush, 1890-1974) -. , , . , "As We May Think" (1945), .

( " ") . ( ) . " " - , . .

 

(Konrad Zuse) Z1, . . , 4 .. .

Z2 . : , 35-

.. (John Atanasoff) . 1939 (Clifford Berry) .

.. 1941 - .

1938 Bell Laboratories ( , ) - . (George Stibits), - , , . 1940 , .

1941 IBM . - , 1942

Z3 .

 

1942 (John Mauchly) (1907-1980), , . ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer - ) (John Presper Eckert) 200 . 1945 , 1946 . ENIAC, 178468 , 7200 , 4100 , 300 ., 1000 .
1955 .

ENIAC, , . , , . , (Alan Turing). 1943 Colossus 1500 . - . ...

1937 (Howard Aiken) . - IBM (Tomas Watson), 500 .$. Mark-1 1939 , - IBM. 750 . , 3304 800 .

1944 .

1944 (John Presper Eckert) .

, - Mark-1, . - Mark-2 . 1945 , 1947 . Mark-2 - .

(Vannevar Bush, 1890-1974) " ", The Atlantic Monthly.

1945 (John Mauchly) (John Presper Eckert) EDVAC

1946 ENIAC , , .. . ,

"".

 

23 Bell Telephone Laboratories , . .

1948 (1990-1974) .. - . .. .. : - (1951 , ), - (1952 , ). , , , , .

1948 " -1", (Tom Kilburn) (Freddie Williams) .

- EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer) - (Maurice Wilkes) . EDSAC 3000 .

, .

(John Mauchly) "Short Order Code".

1951 UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer). UNIVAC-1 . , - UNIVAC-1 ENIAC EDVAC. 2,25 5000 . 1000 12- 100 .

, ( -).

. Whirlwind-1. 323217 -, - 2048 16- .

( ) - : - ().

-1.

1952-1953 .. ( ), 1953-1954 .. - .

IBM IBM 701, , 4000 1200 .

- - .

 

 

, IBM 726. 100 , 75 .

UNIVAC-1, 120 ( ). 600 .

IBM IBM 701. IBM 704 , .

IBM 704 IBM 709, . -.

IBM . - .
IBM 305 RAMAC-650. , 50 , 1200 /. 100 , 10000

IBM 350 RAMAC ( 61 ).

Texas Instruments Fairchild Semiconductor .

ALGOL.

1959

- , .

 

 

Intel () () - , .

Intel-4004 - , , .

Syntronix .

IBM/370 145 - , .

Poketronic.

IBM .

, - ( 80 ).

( ).

Bell Lab's .

IBM/370.

Telnet. TCP FTP.

Ethernet - Xerox PARC. , , , .

IBM "".

Alto, PARC XEROX, "".

MITS Altair, Intel - 8080. Altair , , , . , 256- , .

- AMDAL-470 V/6.

Digital Reseach CP/M.

Basic "". Microsoft.

 

"Apple" (""), .

Apple-1: . Apple 1 - 666,66 . .

1977 : Apple-2, TRS-80 PET.

 

Bus Mouse IBM PC Microsoft, - InPort Mouse, , .

 

 

IBM, IBM PC, IBM PC/XT (1983 ).

 

Apple Macintosh.



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