.. , ..
,
080100.62
2013
/. .., ..; , , - 2013. - .26.
, .
- 080100.62 .
,
___ ___ __________2013 .
_________________________ (.. )
___ ___ __________2013 .
_____________________________ (.. )
:
| ( ) . ( ) | ______________________ () _____________________ () | .. (, ) .. (, ) |
Ó .. , .. 2013
Ó , 2013
I. ,
, , . , , Internet .
, 10-12 4 ( -14; -1,5; - Times New Roman).
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1.
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. 1 .
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II.
1
1. .
2. .
1. .
| (+,-) | |||
| , . . | ? | ||
| , . | ? | ||
| , . | ? | ? | ? |
. 1 :
1) ;
2) .
. , .
2. 16500 . , :
) -14235 .;
) 7000 .;
) 5500 .;
) -2300 .;
) -5000 .
, 10 , , .
|
|
|
2
1. .
2. .
1. .
| (+,-) | |||
| , . . | ? | ? | |
| , . . | ? | ||
| 1,672 | 0,6386 | ? |
:
1) ;
2) .
. . , .
2. 135000 . , :
) 5000 .;
) 25600 .;
) 19000 .;
) 38000 .;
) 22000 .
, 51 , .
3
1. .
2. .
1. .
| (+,-) | |||
| , . . | ? | ? | |
| , . | ? | ||
| ? | 351,28 | ? |
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) .
.
, .
2. 1600 . :
) -25000 .;
) 1200 .;
) 900 .;
) -4500 .
, 99 , .
4.
1. .
2. , .
1. - .
| (+,-) | , % | ||||||
| , . . | % | , . . | % | , . . | % | ||
| , | |||||||
| - | - | - | |||||
| 1 . | ? | - | ? | - | - |
|
|
|
:
1) ;
2) ( ) ;
3) ;
4) 1 . , .
.
2. 01 266000 . , :
) 2 52000 .;
) -14000 .;
) -22000 .;
) 24000 .;
) - 30000 .
, 01 , .
5
1. .
2. .
1. .
| / | , . . | , . . | , % | |||
| : | N | ? | ? | |||
| ) , . | T | ? | ? | |||
| ) | U | ? | ? | |||
| : | M | ? | ? | |||
| ) | F | ? | ? | |||
| ) | A | ? | ? | |||
| T | ? | ? | ||||
| N0/T0*(T1-T0) | - | ? | - | - | ||
| (N1/T1-N0/T0)*T1 | - | ? | - | - | ||
| (N1/M1-N0/M0)*M1 | - | ? | - | - | ||
| N0/M0* (M1-M0) | - | ? | - | - | ||
| (N1/F1-N0/F0)*F1 | - | ? | - | - | ||
| N0/F0(F1-F0) | - | ? | - | - |
. . .
2. 12000 . :
) 4000 .;
) -27000 .;
) -27000 .;
) -6000 .;
) -2000 .
, 60 , .
6
1. .
2. .
1. .
| - | |||
| , . . | |||
| , . . | |||
| , . | 0,93 | 0,95 |
|
|
|
. .
.
.
2. 74000 . , :
) 10000 .;
) -16000 .;
) , , 22000 .
, 80, .
7
1. .
2. .
1. .
| , . . | |||
| , . | |||
| , . | |||
| , . | 7,6 | ||
| , . | 96,16 | 92,52 |
: , , .
. .
2. 13000 . , :
) 8000 .;
) -5000 .;
) -4000 .
, 83 , .
8
1. .
2. .
1. .
| - | |||
| , . . | |||
| , . . |
( ).
. .
2. 18500 . ( ). , :
) 18500 .;
) 22000 .;
) -60000 .;
) -9000 .;
) -5000 .
, 70 , .
9
1. , .
2. .
1. .
.
. .
2. 800 . , :
) 300 .;
) -400 .;
|
|
|
) -250 .;
) -1500 .;
) - 50 .
, 71 , .
10
1. .
2. .
1. .
| % | ||||
| , | ? | ? | ||
| , / | ? | ? | ||
| 1 , . | ? | ? | ||
| , . | ? | ? | ? | ? |
.
.
. .
2. 400 . , :
) -400 .;
) -2900.;
) -500 .;
) -2850 .;
) - 570 .;
) -50 . , 71 , .
11
1. .
2. .
1. .
| (0) | (1) | |||
| ..(+,-) | % | |||
| 1 (), . . | - | - | ||
| 1 (q), | - | - | ||
| 1 (t), . |
.
1 1 .
. .
2. :
) 1000 .;
) -2000 .;
) (20%) -?;
) -800 .;
) -?
12
1. .
2. .
1. .
| (0) | (1) | |||
| ..(+,-) | % | |||
| , () | - | - | ||
| 1 (), . | - | - | ||
| 1 (), . | - | - | ||
| (), . |
.
, 1 1 .
. .
2. 16000 . , :
) 5100 ;
) 2610 ;
) 8000 ;
) 28000 ;
) 23000 .
, 52 , .
13
1. .
2. .
1. .
| (0) | (1) | |||
| ..(+,-) | % | |||
| 1 (), . | ||||
| 1 (), . | ||||
| 1 (), . |
. 1 1 1 . . .
2. .
| , . | |||
| 1. . | |||
| 2. . | ? | ||
| 3. . | |||
| 4. . | |||
| 5. . | ? | ||
| 6. . | ? |
, , .
14
1. .
2. .
1. .
| (0) | (1) | |||
| ..(+,-) | % | |||
| (), . | ||||
| (), | 7,8 | 8,0 | ||
| (), . | ||||
| (), . | ||||
| (), . |
.
(, , , ) .
. .
2. 112000 . -75000 . , ( , ..) 8000 .
.
15
1. .
2. .
1. .
| (0) | (1) | |||
| ..(+,-) | % | |||
| (), . | ||||
| (), | 7,5 | 8,1 | ||
| (), . | ||||
| (), . | ||||
| (), . |
.
(, , , ) .
. .
2. 1 (.): -100, -9800, -950000, -150000, -280000, -130000, -20000, -6200, -13700, -290000, 902400, 5800, 35600, -49800.
16
1. .
2. .
1. .
| (0) | (1) | |||
| ..(+,-) | % | |||
| , () | - | - | ||
| 1 (), . | - | - | ||
| 1 (), . | - | - | ||
| (), . |
.
, 1 1 .
. .
2. , , .
: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
17
1. .
2. .
1. .
| (0) | (1) | |||
| ..(+,-) | % | |||
| 1 (), . . | - | - | ||
| 1 (q), | - | - | ||
| 1 (t), . |
.
1 1 .
. .
2. : - 2500 , -2800 , 50 . : ) : 5000 , -4400 , 30 ; ) : -6300, -2800 , 55 . 1: - 28 ., -26 ., 40 .
: ) ; ) 10 , , , .
18
1. .
2. .
1. .
| .. | % | |||
| , . () | ||||
| 1 ., (q) | 49,07 | 50,62 | ||
| , () |
.
1 .
. .
2. -250 , -720 . : ) 150 , 420 ; ) 260 , 560 ; ) 250 , 700 . 1 -200 .,1 -20 .
: ) ;
) 10 , , , .
19
1. .
2. .
1. .
| .. | % | |||
| , . () | ||||
| 1 ., (q) | 48,00 | 52,6 | ||
| , () |
.
1 .
. .
2. , : 5000 , 650000 , 15000 ., - 8000 ., - 2000 ( 26 . 1 .), -3500 .
: ) ; ) .
20
1. .
2.
1. .
| .. | % | |||
| , . () | ||||
| 1 ., (q) | 49,07 | 50,62 | ||
| , () |
2. - 1500 . 1650 . .
III.
. : , , , , .
, , .. , .
, , . , .
.
:
;
, b, c, d ;
y0, y1 ;
a0, a1, b0, b1, c0, c1, d0, d1 ;
∆y ;
∆ya ∆yb ∆yc ∆yd ;
∆a, ∆b, ∆c, ∆d ;
∆a%, ∆b%, ∆c%, ∆d% - ;
.1,2.. .. .
.
, :
= b c d;
0 = a0 b0 c0 d0;
.1 = a1 b0 c0 d0;
.2 = a1 b1 c0 d0;
.3 = a1 b1 c1 d0;
1 = a1 b1 c1 d1;
∆y = ∆ya + ∆yb + ∆yc + ∆yd;
∆ya = ∆y 1 0;
∆yb = ∆y 2 ∆y 1;
∆yc = ∆y 3 ∆y 2;
∆yd = 1 ∆y 3;
∆y = 1 0;
, :
= 
;
0 = 
. = 
1 = 
;
∆y = ∆ya + ∆yb;
∆ya = . 0;
∆yb = 1 .;
∆y = 1 0;
, :
= + b;
0 = 0 + b0;
. = 1 + b0;
∆y = ∆ya + ∆yb;
∆yb = 1 .;
∆y = 1 0;
= (b + ) :
= (b + );
0 = 0 (b0 + 0);
.1 = 1 (b0 + 0);
.2 = 1 (b1 + 0);
1 = 1 (b1 + 1);
∆y = ∆ya + ∆yb + ∆y;
∆ya = y.1 0;
∆yb = y 2 ∆y 1;
∆y = 1 y 2;
∆y = 1 0;
, :
= b;
I = I Ib;
I = 
; 
I = 
;
Ib = 
;
, , .. , .
= b c d;
∆ = 1 0;
∆b = b1 b0;
∆c = c1 c0;
∆d = d1 d0;
∆ya = ∆a b0 c0 d0;
∆yb = 1 ∆b c0 d0;
∆yc = a1 b1 ∆c d0;
∆yd= a1 b1 c1 ∆d;
, .
= b c;
∆% = 
100%;
∆b% = 
100%;
∆c% = 
100%;
∆ya = 
;
∆yb = 
;
∆yc = 
;
: , . , . , . .
1) = b;
∆ya = ∆ab0 + 
∆a∆b;
∆yb = ∆b0 + ∆a∆b;
2) = b ;
∆ya = ∆a (b01 + 10) + 
∆a∆b∆;
∆yb = ∆b (01 + b1c0) + ∆a∆b∆;
∆yc = ∆ (0b1 + b01) + ∆a∆b∆;
3) = b d;
∆ya = 
∆a (3b00d0 + b1d0(1 + ∆c) + d10(b1 + ∆b) + 1b0(d1 + ∆d)) + 
∆a∆b∆∆d;
∆yb = ∆b (3a00d0 + a1d0(1 + ∆c) + d10(a1 + ∆a) + c1a0(d1 +∆d)) + ∆a∆b∆∆d;
∆yc = ∆c (3a0b0d0 + d1a0(b1 + ∆b) + b1d0(a1 + ∆a) + a1b0(d1 +∆d)) + ∆a∆b∆∆d;
∆yd = ∆d (3a0b0c0 + c1a0(b1 + ∆b) + b1c0(a1 + ∆a) + a1b0(c1 +∆c)) + ∆a∆b∆∆d;
4) = 
;
∆ya = 
ln / 
/;
∆yb = ∆y - ∆ya;
5) = 
;
∆ya = 
ln / 
/;
∆yb = 
;
∆y = 
;
, : , . , .
= b ;
Lg y = Lg a + Lg b + Lg c;
Lg 
= Lg 
+ Lg + Lg 
;
Lg Iy = Lg Ia + Lg Ib + Lg Ic;
Lg Iy ∆y, :
∆y = ∆y 
+ ∆y 
+ ∆y 
= ∆ya + ∆y + ∆y;
∆y = ∆y ;
∆y = ∆y ;
∆y = ∆y ;
, .
