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2012
(14) . 4. 4. 60; =200280 . -. .
1. .
2. .
3. 5
4. 6
5. 10
6. 11 (.)
1. (.1) , .
. 6.1. .
2. (.2).
60, . . 3, 50 410 2
4 =455 .
1 =355 .
3 =355 .
D34=355 ;
D314=455 .
L=4105 ; L4=220 L14=120
.
. 6.2.
3. , 㳺 (.11), . 69, . 6.1.
6.1. .
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Ø | Ø | , | ||||
ϳ 1 | 1620 | |||||
. 13 | ||||||
. 3 | 72.5 | 1620 | ||||
ϳ 4 | 7,5 | - | ||||
. 5 | 1620 | |||||
. 6 | 122.5 | |||||
ϳ 8 | 22.5 | |||||
. 9 | ø11 | |||||
.9 | ||||||
. 2 7 | ||||||
. 10 12 | - 611 | ø10 | ||||
. 11 | - | ø9 |
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(, (. 7; [2], . 7...19).
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,/. 20;25;31;40;50;63;80;100;125;160;200:250; 315;400;500; 630; 800;1000;1250; 1600;2000
, / 0,065;0,08;0,115;0,13;0,16; 0,195;0,23;0,26; 0,29; 0,32;0,39;0,455;0,585;0,78;0,91
2.
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. 12, . 13 14.
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3.
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ϳ (Rz≥40) . .
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L =415, ;
L - () =410, .
4.
S . 15...18,
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S=0.40.5 / t= 2.5
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z , =92;
t =2.5, ;
V =60, /;
xz=1.0 yz=0.75 nz=0 , , , ;
z .
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z=92, xz=1.0, yz=0.75, nz=0 .22, . 21. , ν =60 /.
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[σ ] , , : [σ ] =2400 45 40;
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[Pz] - , .
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=1,55105, /2 ;
J , 4.
J=π D 4(1-β4)=0,05 D4=0.05*554=457531- ,
D=55- , ;
[f3] - , ;
[f3]=Z/4=2,5/4=0.625,
Z =2.5 , ;
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v = vnv ivφv v v=0.93*0.8*1.0*1.2*0.97*1.0*1.0=0.866
:
v , :
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nv =0.8 ;
iv =1.0 ;
φv =1.2 ;
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;
v=1.0 ;
v =1.0 .
. 25...29.
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L - , ;
L'= Ld+l+l=220+221+1=442,
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l - , ;
l=1 - , .
l=tctgφ+(12)=2.5ctg30+1=221,
φ =30 , .
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1
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2501000 . . i (): - 630, 200, 250. i N 5,5 0,8. (/): 50; 63; 80; 100; 125; 160; 200; 250; 315; 400; 500; 630; 800; 1000; 1250; 1600. i (/): i i 36; 45; 56; 70; 88; 110; 137; 171; 214; 267; 334; 418; 522; 653; 816; 1020; : 14; 17; 21; 27; 34; 42; 52; 65; 82; 102; 128; 160; 200; 250; 312; 390
2
([2],. 168, . 170, . 253, 252254) . , , . ( , , , , .) . 51, 52 ([2], . 161169, .242259). ϳ .
7006080 2.5, 53, 63, 2, 4.5, 5
3
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t=0.10.025 t=0.0050.015
4
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([2] . 55, . 301) , .
S (0.30.7)B- S (0.20.4)-
5
. . 53 ([2], . 55, . 301302).
ϳ (.-1).
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n
Dkp=700
. 53 [2], . 55, .301302 . V =55 ,
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ϳ .
L , ; 0.5 , L=l+Bk=122.5+60=182.5, ( , ) l , , .
Z0=0.3 - , ; . 54.
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t=0.15
Snz=0.4
n=389
. 10
1. .
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- 611
2501000 . . i (): - 630, 200, 250. i N 5,5 0,8. (/): 50; 63; 80; 100; 125; 160; 200; 250; 315; 400; 500; 630; 800; 1000; 1250; 1600. i (/): i i 36; 45; 56; 70; 88; 110; 137; 171; 214; 267; 334; 418; 522; 653; 816; 1020; : 14; 17; 21; 27; 34; 42; 52; 65; 82; 102; 128; 160; 200; 250; 312; 390
2. .
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. 8 D=12 z=2
3.
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t=5 12
4.
1 Sz , , , .43,44.
S=0.29
5.
:
,
qv, m, xv,zv, yv, uv, pv .48. .49 . , , :
v = v nv iv=0.7*0.8*0.83=0.46,
v=0.7, nv=0.8, iv=0.83 , , , , , .24.,25,.26,.27