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1.1.
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http://www2.rad.com/networks/1994/osi/layers.htm
1.4. 䳿 (peer-to-peer communications)
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http://nes.aueb.gr/presentations/p2p.pdf
1.5. TCP/IP
TCP/IP - Internet, ' ' . TCP/IP 1960- ᒺ , . , , , , '.
̳ 1968 (Advanced Research Projects Agency - ARPA) BNN ' 㳿 , ' .
ARPA . . , 䳿 . 1969 . ' . ̳ , , ( ), ' . Internet, , , -, - .
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г (Network access layer).
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Domain Name System (DNS)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
FTP . FTP 볺- , , , TCP/IP. FTP RFC 959 ftp-. TCP-璺: 29 21 TCP-璺.
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HTTP (Hypertext Transfer [Transport] Protocol) , . HTTP - -. HTTP XML-, VoiceXML, WML, . 80, TCP . World Wide Web , RFC 1945 (HTTP 1.0), 2086 2616 (HTTP 1.1), HTML- . HTTP ( ᒺ) 璺 ( ᒺ - 볺 ), : ᒺ () cookie.
Cookie - ' () cookie, -, HTTP 4 , - , . , . - , , , , , , 볺 . cookie Netscape Communications, RFC 2109.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) . ( ' 1982 p.). 14 , RFC 821, RFC 822 RFC 2821. ( TCP-', 25 ).
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TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol (Trivial FTP) - ) TFTP - , FTP, , , , . TCP/IP, 512 , UDP.
(transport layer) :
Transport Control Protocol (TCP);
User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - . TCP - TCP/IP. , , . TCP ' 볺 , . RFC 793.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol - ) - TCP/IP. IP ' , , , . , , , . RFC 768.
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Internet Protocol (IP).
Internet Protocol ((IP) ) - ( TCP/IP), . RFC 791. , , . - 4.0, - 6.0 (IPv6).
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http://www.pku.edu.cn/academic/research/computer-center/tc/html/TC0102.html
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