Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE802 . (Network Interface Card NIC) (network media), OSI. IEEE802 . IEEE802 :
- Logical Link Control (LLC) ;
- Media Access Control (MAC) .
IEEE 802 :
802.1
802.1 (Internetworking ) MAC . 802.1 , , , .
802.2
802.2 (Logical Link Control ) LLC OSI. LLC .
802.3
802.3 ( Ethernet Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection CSMA/CD LANs Ethernet Ethernet ) MAC , . Ethernet (10BaseT, 10Base2, 10Base5). CSMA/CD. 802.3 Fast Ethernet (100BaseTx, 100BaseFx, 100BaseFl).
100Base-Tx . MLT-3 5- 4/5B , (Auto-negotiation) .
100Base-T4 . 4B/5 8B/6T.
100BaseFx . Fast Ethernet , FDDI. FDDI, , (Rx) (Tx).
( , ). , . - , Ethernet. , , , (multiply access MA).
|
|
CSMA/CD , .
, , . . , , , , , , -. , - , .
802.4
802.4 (Token Bus LAN Token Bus) , ArcNet.
ArcNet . ArcNet Token Bus ( ) 2,5 /. :
- , , , ();
- ;
- , , .
ArcNet ( Ethernet Token Ring ), . . ArcNet ISU (Information Symbol Unit ), / .
802.5
802.5 (Token Ring LAN Token Ring) , Token Ring.
Token Ring, Ethernet, , , . , , Ethernet, , . , , .
802.6
802.6 (Metropolitan Area Network ) .
802.7
802.7 (Broadband Technical Advisory Group ) , , .
802.8
802.8 (Fiber Technical Advisory Group ) 802.3 802.6, , , , FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface).
FDDI . FDDI , . FDDI, , , . 100 /. 500 100 .
|
|
802.9
802.9 (Integrated Voice and Data Network ) , , .
802.10
802.10 (Network Security ) , , , OSI.
802.11
802.11 (Wireless Network ) .
802.12
802.12 100VG AnyLAN 100/ (Demand Priority Queuing DPQ, Demand Priority Access DPA).
100VG Ethernet Token-Ring 100 /c, . 100Base-VG . 100VG - . 100VG (demand priority access). . , . .
, , . , . , .
, . , , , . IPX/SPX Novell, TCP/IP, Internet UNIX, OSI , DECnet Digital Equipment .
:
- ;
- ;
- .
: , , . .
- DDP (Datagram Delivery Protocol ). Apple, Apple Talk.
- IP (Internet Protocol Internet). TCP/IP, .
- IPX (Internetwork Packet eXchange ) NWLink. Novel NetWare, .
- NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface ). IBM Microsoft, NetBIOS.
|
|
. .
- ATP (Apple Talk Protocol Apple Talk) NBP (Name Binding Protocol ). Apple Talk.
- NetBIOS ( ). NetBIOS , NetBEUI .
- SPX (Sequenced Packet eXchange ) NWLink. Novel NetWare, .
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol ). TCP/IP, .
. .
- AFP (Apple Talk File Protocol Apple Talk). Macintosh.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol ). TCP/IP, .
- NCP (NetWare Core Protocol NetWare). Novel NetWare.
- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol ). TCP/IP, .
- HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) .
, TCP/IP, . TCP/IP OSI (Open Systems Interconnection ) , , Unix, Windows, Macintosh .
. 0.3 OSI TCP/IP
TCP/IP Microsoft [1] , . 3.1. TCP/IP , . :
- TCP/IP , OSI;
- TCP/IP OSI;
- TCP/IP , OSI;
- TCP/IP OSI.
TCP/IP . TCP/IP (API Application Programming Interface):
- Windows;
- NetBIOS.
Windows, WinSock, , TCP/IP .
NetBIOS (IPC Interposes Communications) Windows. NetBIOS :
- NetBIOS;
- NetBIOS;
- NetBIOS.
3.1 TCP/IP.
0.1
WinSock | |
NetBIOS | Windows |
TDI | (Transport Driver Interface) . |
TCP | (Transmission Control Protocol) |
UDP | (User Datagram Protocol) |
ARP | (Address Resolution Protocol) |
RARP | (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) |
IP | Internet(Internet Protocol) |
ICMP | Internet (Internet Control Message Protocol) |
IGMP | (Internet Group Management Protocol), |
NDIS | |
FTP | (File Transfer Protocol) |
TFTP | (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) |
|
|
TCP/IP . :
- 4
- ;
- .
:
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol );
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol ).
TCP , , . , , UDP, .