, "" . , , .
, , , ( ), " " (Order In Time) " " (Kanban) " " (Just In Time).
- "" - , , - , .
" " :
- - ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- , , ;
- .
, , . . :
- ;
- - ;
- , ;
- (-).
1980- . MRP / ERP - " " . , , , (Supply Chain Management). , , SCM -. , "" , , . SCM - - , " " .
|
|
SCM:
- , ;
- - ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- , .
SCM -, CRM CSRP, "" ERP - , ERP II (. 12.6).
. 12.6.
SCM: " - - - - ". SCM - , , ERP -. , Lowson Software IBM System i (. 12.7).
:
- (Supply Chain Planner - SCP);
- (Demand Planner - DMP);
- (Multi-Site Planner - MSP);
- (Yield Optimizer - YOP);
- (Advanced Production Planner - APP).
. 12.7. " "Lawson M3 ERP"
. 12.7 , , (" ") .
" " Microsoft Dynamics NAV ( - Axapta) , , , , (ADCS) , . :
- : , , ;
- ;
- : - , ;
- - ;
- , Internet.
, - , . , , .
|
|
- , , , , , . SCM - , "" , . , , , / , . . , , , .
, , Internet/ Intranet , , . , . . , . Internet. , .
. 13.1.
, , (. 13.1) [ .. .www.bezpeka.com/ru/lib/sec/gen.html].
?
, . ( , . .) . (, ). . , Internet-, , Web-, ( ) . .
, , . ( , , . .). . , , , . . , , - .
|
|
, , , , . , , . Web- , , .
?
- , . , : , . .
, . . : 70-80% , ! ( "" ) . "", - , . ? , , . , , .
, , , , , . , Internet. , . , , Internet . , Internet- . , . . .
(, ), , . - (, , ), , . , , , . , , , "".
|
|
, , .. .
?
, . (), (.. ). , , :
- ;
- , ;
- ;
- "" "" .
, . . . , , .
. 45000 300 [ , www.viruslist.com/ru/viruses/encyclo-pedia]. 2007 65% 80% . . .
- , "" , .. " " . , , , . , ( , , ..), "" . .
, "" :
- - , Internet ( );
- - , , ;
- - , Internet ( ) ;
- , , ;
- - , , , , , ;
- - , , ;
- "" - , ;
- (sniffers) - , . , ;
- ;
- ( ) ().
- " " - , . - ( , , ) , .
, , , , , , .
|
|
. , , - . , , , "" , ( ). - (Email - Worm). , . , , - (, , Web-). () , - . - .
. , : - .
, . , - , :
- , ;
- ;
- .
, "-" .
, , . . - , . ( ) .
-. -, . , - (VBS, JS, BAT, PHP ..). - ( MS Windows Linux), . , (, HTML), .
. , : , , , . , (, , DoS- ).
. :
- , ();
- , ;
- ( );
- " ", ;
- , ;
- , .
, , , , DoS- , . .
" ", . " " - , , , "" . , , , , .
, . " " (Denial of Service Realization), . , . , , , , .
. , . , RealSecure 600 , .
" ". , , , , . , :
- , CD-RW, ZIP-, , CD;
- , ( - ) ;
- () ;
- , - ;
- , , , , - ( , 90% ).
. :
- - () ( , , , ), , , Internet;
- " ", ;
- , ;
- ;
- ( ) ( Internet, CD).
: Dr.WEB " ". , , , , , , , . , , .
?
- , . , . . - , (. 13.2) [ .. . .: .ru, 2005].
- - . , .
. 13.2.
, , . . , , . . , : " ?" , .
, . , . , , , , (Firewall).
- , (. 13.3). , , , , . .
. 13.3.
.
1. , , :
o , , , ;
o , , ;
o ;
o ;
o ;
o , ;
o .
2. , : .
3. .
4. . , , .
, . , , , .
.
, , , , , . - , , , .
.
?
- , . , , - .
, 1960-1970- . , . . , - . SecretNet, - "" .
CheckPoint CyberGuard - Firewall -1 CyberGuard Firewall . , CheckPoint Firewall -1 40% . , (. 13.4).
. , ( , ), , "" , , "". .
, -, , , , , , .
. 13.4. "-" Internet
, . , . . SAFEsuite Internet Security Systems, , ("") - Internet Scanner, System Scanner Database Scanner (. 13.5).
- , . , , . ISS RealSecure.
. 13.5.
, / . - , , ( ), , .
[ . , 1945]. - , . 1976 . . ( , ) .
1990- - - (Hash Function). - ( -) - , , h(M) - . ', -. - h {}N. ().
DES (Data Encryption Standard), IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm), RC2, RC5, CAST, Blowfish. - RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman), , , -. , -, - MD4 (Message Digest 4), MD5 (Message Digest 5), SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm).
, , PGP (Pretty Good Privacy). 1995 (Phil Zimmerman), RSA, IDEA, MD5. PGP - IDEA, . PGP - , , RSA (. 13.6). www.mit.edu/network/pgp-form.html.
. 13.6. PGP
- ( ) ( ).
:
- () ;
- ( ) ;
- / ;
- .
, , .