2) . .
|
u .
Puδt = - (c1u δm - c2u δm)
Pu = - δm/ δt (c1u- c2u)
G= δm/ δt .
Pu = G (c1u- c2u)
Pu ( ), , .. , .
Pu = -Pu = G (c1u- c2u) = G (c1 ∙ cos α1 +c2 ∙ cos α2) [],
N , .
N= P ∙ U=G ∙ u (c1 ∙ cos α1 +c2 ∙ cos α2) = G/2 (c12 -c22 +w22 -w12) [H∙/c]
N= G/2000 (c12 -c22 +w22 -w12) []
η .
η =(h0 - hc - h - hc)/h0=1- hc/ h0 h/ h0 - h/ h0 = 1 ξc ξ - ξ
h0 ( ) .
26.
η = 1 ξc ξ - ξ
η u/c1
η = f (u/c1)
hc = h0(1- φ2)
ξc = 1- φ2
ξc = hc/ h0
10.
27.
ξc = hc/ h0=[ h0(1- φ2)]/ h0
u/ c 1= cos α1/2z, z .
z=1 , z>1 .
28.
ξ -.
ηoi
, , , -.
ηoi. . = η - ξ
ηoi. . = η ξ
ηoi. = 1- ξc ξ - ξ - ξ ξ
ηoi = [0,75;0,85]
ηoi 0,7, .
29.
.
:
N = G*Ha
[] = [/]*[/]
1 860
860Nc = D*
[/]*[] = [/]*[/]
= i0 ika
: ika
860N = D*(i0 ika)*ηoi*η*η
[/ ]*[] = [/]*[/]
: 0,96 ≤ η ≤ 0,98
0,98 ≤ η ≤ 0,99
0,96 ≤ η*η ≤ 0,97
,
ηoi = H/ = (i0 ik)/(i0 ika),
: 860N = D*(i0 ik)*η*η
[/ ]*[] = [/]*[/]
3600 N = D*(i0 ik)*η*η
[/]*[] = [/]*[/]
P0
i i0 t0
1
2 H
Ha
3
ik 4
ika
s
30.
≈ 34 /
.
1. , , ;
2. , ;
|
|
3. , ≈ 3-8%;
4. , ;
5.
.
11.
η 0i = η0i (1+ α)
α ; 0,03 0,08
α = Q/H
.
, , . .
, , , . .
ηt = La/Q = = (i0 ika)/(i0 ik) | Na | ||
ηi = Li/Q = = (i0 ik)/(i0 ik) = = ηt*η0i | η0i = (i0 ik)/(i0 ika) | Ni = Na *η0i | |
ηe = ηi*η = ηt*η0i*η = ηt*η0e | η0e = η0i*η | Ne = Ni*η | |
η= ηe*η= =ηt*η0i*η*η = ηt*η0 | η0 = η0e*η = η0i*η*η | N = N*η = = Na*η0i*η*η |
η ,
η
( )
; .
=1 . is- , s . y , - . y = 1-, = 1-y
12-14%
31
32.
u , 1 . . . , 130 , . , .
33.
.
u/1 = cos α1/2
:
h = 12/2 = 12/2φ2 ∙ u2/u2 = u2/2φ2 ∙ 1/(u/c1)2
Σhc = H = Σ[u2/2φ2 ∙ 1/((u/c1)2)]
H = Σu2/[2φ2 ∙ (u/c1)2]
Σu2/ H = Y
12.
.
860 N = D ∙ H ∙η ∙ η
[/ ∙ ] [] = [/] ∙ [/]
|
|
3600 N = D ∙ H ∙η ∙ η
[/ ∙ ] [] = [/] ∙ [/]
,
34.
, 15 . .
:
d/l = υ >3,
d , l .
.
( ) .
35.
- .
.
:
N = f (1/n2) .
, . -300 . -500 , -800 .
.
, . , , :
1) - , ; .
2) , .
3) , .
, .
.
:
1. ();
2. ();
3. ().
, , . . , 100% . (), , , , . . .
36.
37.
p , oo .
ηoi = ηoi ∙ η,
ηoi , η . .
, , .
: .
|
|
d = /N [/ ], N [], [/]
|
100% , .
|
|
.
|
, , , , . . , . . .
860 N = D (i0 -ik) ∙ η η .
.
, .. , .
.
N = (0,8 ÷ 1,0) Na
|
- D.
X = D /D, .
D = X∙ D, X . X = 5% , X = 8 ÷ 10% .
d = D/N, = d ∙ N, d = D/N,
d = [/ ∙ ] .
D = x ∙ d ∙ N,
N/N = β β. 0 ≤ β ≤ 1.
.
D = 860 / (i0 -ik) ∙ η η .
N = N
|
y = ax + b
y = D
x = N
b = D
a = (D - D) / N
D = (D - D)/ N ∙ N + D = x ∙ d ∙ N + (1-x) d ∙ N = D
D - D = D - x ∙ d ∙ N = d ∙ N - x ∙ d ∙ N= (1-x) d ∙ N
D = x ∙ d ∙ N + (1-x) d ∙ N .
D = D / N = (x ∙ d ∙ N)/N +(1-x) d = x ∙ d ∙ 1/β + (1-x) d, N=N ð d = d .
N/N= β
d = x ∙ d ∙ 1/β + (1-x) d ( )
x = 0 ð β, d = const
c .
|
|
D = D1 + D2 + D
N = N1 + N2 + N
860 N1 = D1 (i0 i1) ∙ η η
860 N2 = D2 (i0 i2) ∙ η η
860 N = D (i0 -ik) ∙ η η
D = D - D1 D2
860 (N1 + N2 + N) = η η [D1 (i0 i1) + D2 (i0 i2) + D - D1 D2(i0 -ik)]
(860 N) / (η η) = D1 (i0 i1) + D2 (i0 i2) +D(i0 -ik) - D1 (i0 -ik) - D2(i0 -ik)
(860 N) / (η η) = D(i0 -ik) + D1 (i1 -ik) - D2(i2 -ik)
D1io - D1i1 - 1io - D1 ik = - D1 (i1 -ik)
( i0 -ik)
860 / (i0 -ik) η η = D - D1(i1 -ik)/ (i0 -ik) - D2(i2 -ik) / (i0 -ik),
y1= (i1 -ik)/ (i0 -ik), y2 = (i2 -ik) / (i0 -ik ) .
y = 1 ÷ 0
dN= D - y1 D1 - y2 D2
D = dN + y1 D1 + y2 d2 = dN + ,
n , n = 2
D = x ∙ d ∙ N + (1-x) d ∙ N + - .
N = N ð D = d ∙ N + ,
:
d = d + (Σ yj Dj) / N
|
|
D = dN
d = d + (Σαj yj Dj) / N
d = d + Σαj yj d
Dj = αj ∙ D
αj = Dj / D .
d = Σαj yj d = d
d = d / (1- Σ αj yj)
13.
.
ηt =(io i)/ io i)
, . , .
, . , .
- .
( 68%, 32%) 28-30 - , 1 . , - ( -70%, 30%). , . .
. . .
.
1)
46.
j = 1,9
. , .
D (i ik) = G ∙ ∙ ((t2 t1)
[/] ∙ [/] = [/] ∙ [/ ∙ .] ∙ [.]
D , , t1 , t2 .
: G = D (i ik)/ ∙ (t2 - t1),