- , . , - .
- , . , DNS , ping , IP-.
- , ping . , . , .
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Ping Windows
E:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping ru.wikipedia.org rr.esams.wikimedia.org [91.198.174.2] 32 : 91.198.174.2: =32 =54 TTL=56 91.198.174.2: =32 =54 TTL=56 91.198.174.2: =32 =54 TTL=56 91.198.174.2: =32 =54 TTL=56 Ping 91.198.174.2:: = 4, = 4, = 0 (0% ), - : = 54 , = 54 , = 54
Ping (. ). ר.
:
http://www.arturia.com/ | |
http://www.propellerheads.se/ | |
http://www.nativeinstruments.de/ | |
http://www.cuteftp.com/ | |
http://happysoftx.com/ | |
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ | |
http://www.easyprograms.com/ | |
http://download.powerarchiver.com/ | |
http://www.e-spy-software.com/ | |
http://www.cdhnow.com/mw.html |
:
traceroute , TCP/IP. Traceroute ICMP.
traceroute , , . - , .
Traceroute . Microsoft Windows tracert, GNU/Linux, Cisco IOS Mac OS traceroute.
traceroute
traceroute ( ) , 1 TTL ( ). , . TTL, 1, ICMP, . Traceroute , ( ). traceroute , TTL, 2, .
|
|
, TTL . .
IP- TTL = 1 ICMP- , . : traceroute UDP- UDP- ( 30 000), . UDP-, , ICMP- . , , traceroute , ICMP- .
Windows
. ( cmd, ). :
tracert domain.ltdtracert , domain.ltd IPv4 .
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>tracert ru.wikipedia.org rr.esams.wikimedia.org [91.198.174.2] 30: 1 1 ms <1 ms <1 ms vpn4.kras.gldn [10.10.1.14] 2 2 ms <1 ms <1 ms C7604-BRAS4-FTTB.ranetka.ru [80.255.150.41] 3 1 ms 1 ms 4 ms C76-External.ranetka.ru [80.255.128.162] 4 1 ms <1 ms <1 ms pe-l.Krasnoyarsk.gldn.net [195.239.173.37] 5 79 ms 79 ms 98 ms cat01.Stockholm.gldn.net [194.186.157.62] 6 131 ms 131 ms 132 ms ams-ix.2ge-2-1.br1-knams.wikimedia.org [195.69.145.176] 7 131 ms 131 ms 131 ms te-8-2.csw1-esams.wikimedia.org [91.198.174.254] 8 133 ms 134 ms 133 ms rr.esams.wikimedia.org [91.198.174.2] .