:
. , , ( ). - , - . - , -, , - .
. ( ) - , (routers) (switches).
. 2.12. (source-to-destination delivery).
(end-to-end delivery)
(end-to-end delivery)
. 2.12. (source-to-destination delivery)
, . (packets). - . - . .
(TransportLayer)
-. , - , (, - ) -. , , - ( ) ( ) , -. . , .
.. . 1 31 .. . 1 32
, , , -. , - .
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. 2.14. .
. - .
. , . - - (end-to-end), .
. (end-to-end), , . () , - . - .
. 2.15. - (process-to-process delivery).
. 2.14.