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. - IP




- IP. 4 , IP . , , , - . , , , .

4 , . Unix routed gated. (daemon) , " " . , , , . , , , .

. , , IP .

.

1. .

2. .

3. . ( .)

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, IP , , , . , , , . IP , .

. svr 4 netstat -r, , -n, IP , . -n netstat /etc/networks, . , .

4 , IP .

 

Destination Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface
140.252.13.65 140.252.13.35 UGH     emd0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH     lo0
default 140.252.13.33 UG     emd0
140.252.13.32 140.252.13.34 U     emd0

, 140.252.13.65 ( slip) (), , 140.252.13.35 (bsdi). slip bsdi SLIP , bsdi Ethernet, .

5 .

U - .

G - (). , , .

H - , , . , , , : .

D - .

M - .

G , (indirect route) (direct route). ( G .) , , , IP ( 4). , IP , . ( G ), IP , , IP (140.252.13.65), , IP 140.252.13.35.

G , . H , ( netstat) . H , ( 0). : IP , - . netstat , , , .

(reference count) . , , TCP, , . Telnet svr 4 slip, 1. Telnet , 2, .

(use) , . ping, 5 , 5 , . (interface) .

loopback , lo0. G , . H , (127.0.0.1) , . G , , gateway IP .

. . , 140.252.13.33 (sun), . , svr 4 Internet sun ( SLIP ) . IP . (UG) , .

Ethernet. H , , (140.252.13.32) , 0. , 5 0. ( G ), gateway IP .

, , netstat. , (140.252.13.32). IP 140.252.13.33, , , . , , , .

:

1. ) , 4.2 BSD 4.3 BSD . , - 140.1. 4.2 BSD , (140.1.0.0), 4.3BSD , (140.1.255.255). , 4.2 BSD , . , , 4.2 BSD IP 140.1.255.255.

b) , - , ARP 140.1. ( arp), , IP 140.1.255.255 Ethernet ( Ethernet). , .

2. .

: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

8

: TCP/IP

: TCP/IP. TCP/IP. TCP/IP OSI.

: 2





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