.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


11




3) . 11 12 ( 2.3.4) t t 1, :

= 1. t.

4) , ( , , ) :

.

5) 䳿 , (ᒺ) − , :

D. = D / .

 

ᒺ.

:

1. :

() − ;

W = 1 000, ;

n = 1;

= 0 , Y = 0 ( , );

= 12.00 .;

h = 50 %.

2. :

10 u 10 = 5 /;

10 a10, = 0;

, 5 .

3. :

, − = 17.00 ..;

X = 20 , Y = 2 ;

t = 17.00 .;

T = 4 .;

= 2.

.

. (s) , u/2:

1) . 2 ( 2.3.4) : D;

2) . 3 ( 2.3.4) : 5 /;

3) () , , ;

4) () () ᑺ Y: = 20 ; Y = 2 ;

5) . 5 6 ( 2.3.4) , h = 10% ᑺ () (X.1) 1 : 1 = 0,189, − h = 50/ h, 5: 0,945 /.;

6) . 7 9 ( 2.3.4) (), ( Y): = 0,09;

7) (, t): t=T T = 17,00 12,00 = 5 .;

8) . 10 ( 2.3.4) , , ᒺ tj: tj = 1,0 .;

9) t tj:

10) t £ tj,, s = 0;

11) t > tj, . 11 12 ( 2.3.4) (t), : t > tj = 5 . > >1 ., t = 0,63;

12) (w), (W) , (h): Kw =10 4 n W h = 10-4 1100050 = 5;

13) . 13 ( 2.3.4) t (): = 0,13;

14) s ( ), u/2:

As=x1 Ky Kt Kw K = 0,9450,090,6350,13 = 0,035 u\2.

. :

1) , :

,

, t , t , , :

2) . 11 12 ( 2.3.4) t = 5 . (17.00 12.00) t, 0,63 1, n: = 0,9450,090,63 = 0,053 /.;

3) . 11 12 ( 2.3.4) t = 9 (21.00 12.00) t, 0,46 1, : = 0,9450,090,46 = 0,039 /.

4) , : D = 1,7 (0,0399 0,0535) = 0,146 ;

5) . 4 : . = 2. : D = 0,146 / 2 = 0,073 .

: 0,073 .

. ᒺ.

() ᒺ . , :

1. , , ?

.

4 ᒺ 50 /. , (ᒺ ) .

.

:

D¥ ≈ 51;

D¥ , ;

1 = tt, , /.;

t , . 11, 12 ( 2.3.4) , ;

t , /.

, 4 , t = 1,43, 1 1,4350 = 71,5 (/.).

, (ᒺ ) , :

D¥ ≈ 571,5 = 357,5 .

: , (ᒺ ) 357,5 .

2. , , , , .

. 1 , ᒺ 8 , 6 , 2 . . : 11,4 ; 8,1 8,1 .

.

ᒺ :

D = D + D ,

D, D , .

: , t t; .

г : 1 = 1,4350 = 71,5 /.

4 4, 10 10 12 12 :

4 = 50 / . 1.

10 = 1t10 = 71,50,52= 37,18 /.

12 = 1t12 = 71,50,48= 34,32 /.

:

= = (50+37,18)0,5 = 43,59 /.;

= = (37,18+34,32)0,5 = 35,75 /.

, , - :

= .

= 2/h0,5, ; h0,5 -. , . 14 ( 2.3.4), :

= 4; = 2; = 2; = 16; = 1.

, ᒺ:

D = D + D = ( 6)/16 + ( 2)/1 = 43,596/16 + 35,752/1 = 16,3 + 71,5 = 87,8 .

: , ᒺ 87,8 . . .

3. , ᒺ , .

. , ( = 7) , 4 , P = 20 /. , D = 7 .

.

, , , - -, , , , ( - - ).

, − , :

= = = 2,45 .

:

= = = 0,35 .

: 2,45 .,

0,35 .

4. , , , , .

. , , , , , 0,011 /., : − 9 ., − 8 ., : 2 ., 1 ., 4 .

: , − const.

.

, : .

, () , , , , , :

3 =24/ (t + t1 / 1 + t2 /2 +... + tn / n),

t − , ;

t1, t2, t3,... tn , , .;

1, 2, K3,... n − ᒺ, (. 15 2.3.4).

, :

3 = 24 (2+8 / 6 + 11 / 27 + 2 / 2+ 1 /3) ≈ 4,73;

:

= .

, :

D=D 365=0,056365 = 20,44 .

: 0,056 ;

22,44 .


ȯ ֲ ̲ Ͳ

 

: .

 

3. .

: . ( , ᒺ, ).

: ____________________________

______________________________________________________

___________________________________

______________________________________________________

( )

 

:_________________

______________________________________________________

( )

 

 

201__


:

1. ᒺ () , ᒺ, .

2. , , .

- :

˳:

1. .., .., .., .. . . . .: , 2010. 179 .

2. .. : . : , 2004. 439 .

3. . .: , 1997. 135 .

:

( );

- ( , , , );

.

_______

1. :

 

, 0
                   
                 
                 

 

2. .

_______________ ____________________________.

( ) ( ')

____________________________________________________

(, , ', )

__________________________________________ ( ).

_________________________________

(, , )

, ________ /.; (' ) ______, _________ / .

: ____________ ;

ᒺ _______ ;

________ .

__________________________________________________________________

( )

: ______ .____________ ____________ ..

 

:

1. ___________________________

( ', )

________________________________________________,

( , ..)

__________________ ___________ ___

(, )

_______________ / .

:

__________________________________________________________________

( )

____

2.

__________________________________________________________________ ( ' )

________ ________ ________ _____________________________________________________

: ____

3. - ______________ .

4. - : _______________________, ____________/ .

5. : ______, __________________________________________________________________.

6. _______________.

7. , - , .

______ _____ . ______________________________________________________.

(̳ )

8. : ____ , , _________________________________.

(̳, )

: _______________________________________________________.

9. , _____________________________

(, )

______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

( , )

_______________________________________________

(̳ )

10. ______________________________________________ .

( )

11. __________________________________________________________

( )

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

 

__________, ___________

__________________________________________________

(ϳ, )

2.3.1

 

 

2.3.2

 

2.3.3

²

( ) , ( 3.3.1)

 

, .

30% .

.

, , ײ (. 2).

ᒺ.

 

 

2.3.4

1.

 

1- , 1 . , /
      0,014 0,140
      0,140 1,4
      1,4 4,2
      4,2  
  -     -

 

 

2.

 

10, /
³ ³
V10<2
2<V10<3 D F F
3<V10<5 D D D D F
5<V10<6 D D D D D
V10>6 D D D D D

 

()

D - ()

F ()

 

3.

(V)

, /

 

10 (V10), /
2         6
    -- -- -- --
D -- --        
F --       -- --

 

4.





:


: 2016-03-28; !; : 248 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1876 - | 1706 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.107 .