: , , , .
. 1 , W1 W2. ( ), U1.
.1
I1, ()
F1 = I1*W1
F1 1, (0), (1S)
( 0 = 0,95-0,96 1)
( = ) 0, , , 1, , , 2. 1S, , , 1S.
, U1 ( W2) 2, Z .
:
1S = - jI1 X1 | (1) |
E1 = 4,44 W1 f1 | (2) |
E2 = 4,44 W2 f1 | (3) |
Z 1 = R1 + j X1 | (4) |
Z 2 = R2 + j X2 | (5) |
f1 ;
Z 1 , Z 2 ;
R1, R2, , X1, X2 .
K = = ≈ | (6) |
U1, U20 (U20 = 2).
U1 + 1 + 1S = I1 R
U1 = - 1 + I1 R + jI1 X1 | (7) |
I2,
F2 = I2 W2
F2 .
I1, I0 I2. ,
U1 ≈ 1 = const,
, (2), :
0 = ≈ = const, | (8) |
, I2 0 ( ).
|
|
(8) , :
F0 = F1 + F2 = const,
I0W1 = I1 W1 + I2 W2 = const | (9) |
(9) W1, , :
I0 = I1 + I2 | (10) |
I2 = I2 = I2′ , , I1,
I1 = I0 + (- I2′) | (11) |
(11) , (8) I1 , I2′.
, .
: , , , .
. 2. : ( - I2′).
, :
= 1,
W2′ = W1, W2′ , .
.2
, :
I2′ = I2/ | Z2′ = Z2 2 |
2′ = 2/ | R2′ = R2 2 |
U2′ = U2/ | X2′ = X2 2 |
Z :
Z′ = Z 2 | R′ = R 2 | X′ = X 2 |
Rm Xm . Rm , I0. Xm .
:
U1 = - 1 + I1 R + jI1 X1 2 = U′2 + I′2 R′2 + jI′2 X′2 I1 = I0 + (- I2′) |
:
() ;
Z;
() (Z = 0),
I2 = max, , I2
4.
U1 , , U10, U20,I10,P0.
Zm, Rm, Xm, I10, P0, cosφ0 = f(U10)
|
|
.3
: Rm = , .. Rm ~ μr . , μr (0 ~ I0) .
, , (0) (Δ1) :
w = 0 + Δ1
0 ~ U210, Δ1 ~ I20, I0 = (0,020,1) I1, Δ1 . ,
w ≈ 0 | (13) |
:
= U10 / U20 | (14) |
cosφ0 = 0/ U10 I0 | (15) |
Zm = U10 / I0 | (16) |
Rm = 0 / I20 | (17) |
Xm = | (18) |
:
Rm < Xm < Zm cosφ0 = 0,15-0,3
, , I1 I1 = 1,1 I1
I1,
I1, , cosφ,, Z = f (U1)
:
.4
5-15% U1. , , , I ~ U , cosφ = const; Z = const
, ,
Δ = Δ1 + Δ2
0.
Δ1 = I R1 | Δ2 = I R |
Δ = I R,
R = R1 + R ≈ 2 R1 | (19) |
0 ~ U
I = I1, U , ,
w ≈ Δ = | (20) |
I, U w :
Z = U / I | (21) |
R = / I2 = R1 + R'2 ≈ 2 R1 | (22) |
X = = X1 + X'2 ≈ 2 X1 | (23) |
u% = U 100 / U1 | (24) |
u% = R I100 / U1 | (25) |
u% = = X I 100 / U1 | (26) |
osφ = / U I | (27) |
u%, I1 I2.
- , , :
β = | (28) |
Δu2 % = β (u% osφ2 + u% sin φ2) | (29) |
ή = 2 /1 = 2 / (2 + 0 + β2 ) | (30) |
.
. U2 = f (I2). osφ2: - , osφ2 , ; - (. 5).
. 5
U2 = U20 (1 0,01 Δu2 %), | (31) |
U20 = U2 , , ;
Δu2 % , , %.
|
|
U2 β = I2 / I2, β = 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,0 1,2.
Δu2 % (29)
Δu2 % : osφ2 = 1,0, osφ2 = 0,8 ( -) osφ2 = 0,8 ( -). Δu2 %. . β = 1,0 ( ), , .