Second place as to their occurrence in the newspaper and scientific/technical matter texts is occupied by the three-componental NNN-type asyndetic substantival clusters. They split, like the extended two-componental asyndetic substantival clusters, into two main subgroups as well. The first subgroup constitutes the NN+N-type clusters, i.e., the ones with two initial nouns forming a close sense unit having the function of an adjunct to the final head noun. The second subgroup makes up the N+NN-type clusters in which the final two nouns form the head component to the initial adjunct noun. The meaning of the NN+N-type subgroup of substantival clusters can be faithfully rendered into Ukrainian by employing several approaches. Their choice is predetermined by the semantic interrelations existing between the component parts of the substantival cluster and by the way in which the meaning is to be expressed in Ukrainian. And yet some approaches to translating the three-componental NN+N-type asyndetic substantival clusters are more frequently employed than the others. Among these is the 3-1-2 components approach, i.e., starting with the head noun and proceeding to the initial and then to the second noun, both of which form together an NN sense unit: Suez Canal area /崳 ; West Coast dockers (); flat rate increase / ; science research council ; Labour Party leadership ; Scotland Yard spokesman -.
Note. Some NN+N-type asyndetic substantival clusters can be translated in two ways: a) starting with the head noun or b) starting with the NN-type sense unit, the adjunct, whose initial noun turns in
Ukrainian into an adjective: Trade Union funds 1./ ; 2. /; Tory Government policy 1. /; 2. ; town centre development 1. ; 2. .
A considerable number of the NN+N-type asyndetic substantival clusters are translated in a descriptive way. It becomes inevitable when some components are nationally/culturally biased words/ expressions denoting a specifically English national feature which must be explained: Clun Forest sheep ( ); venture scout leader ; Mill Hill Scnoo/̳--, ; Race Relations Act / ( ' ); a labour disputes commission , /. Some NNN (and also the NN-structure) substantival clusters can be translated with the help of a single word: coal face workers ; sheet metal workers , Russia /; land improvement work ; land improvement workers .
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In rarer cases the conveying of the meaning of the NN+N-type subgroup of asyndetic substantival clusters can be performed consecutively, i.e., in the order in which the components are arranged in the cluster. Cf.: bullet proof shirts/jackets / ; child guidance clinic -.
There are also NN+N-type clusters whose meaning can be rendered in the reverse order to the components' arrangement, i.e., starting with the head noun and proceeding to the second and to the initial noun: labour movement figures / ; Manchester City Council () ; the target language peculiarities .
The semantic relations between the head and the adjunct NN sense unit may require some other approach to their rendering into the target language as well: a mile event run () ; (the Russian) Mir space station () ̳
When the componental parts of asyndetic substantival clusters are of compound or word-group/phrase structure, their meaning is usually more complicated than that of simple components noun clusters. Due to this they are often translated in a descriptive way: white collar steel industry strike
( ); bread-line old age pensions , / .
The allotment of a substantival cluster to a componental type may sometimes be difficult because of its complicated structure and meaning. It is difficult or almost impossible, for example, to identify the asyndetic substantival clusters like The Great Britain-Australia clashes as a two-componental NN-type word-group, because of the meaning expressed by the adjunct: Great Britain-Australia (clashes) ( ) 볺. Similarly with the substantival cluster Notts County centre ///( -), which despite its complicated first component Notts Countymay be regarded as a three-componental asyndetic substantival cluster. This assertion can be substantiated by a more extended translation of the cluster / - (" ").
Translation of this and other (N+NN) subgroup of asyndetic substantival clusters is no less dependent on the semantic interrelations existing between their componental parts, than in the previous NN+N subgroup. It is not surprising, therefore, that the meaning of the bulk of the N+NN subgroup of asyndetic substantival clusters is rendered starting with the NN head group or rather with its initial/adjunct noun and proceeds in the reverse order to the initial/adjunct noun: friends meeting house ; Derry development Commission ; Glasgow autumn holiday / .
The last asyndetic noun cluster like some others of the kind may also be understood somewhat differently, namely, as . Two variants of translation may also be suggested for the noun clusters like The Macclesfield Tory candidate 1. ; 2. ; New Cross Labour Club 1. . -; 2. - .
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Note: Club in this word-group may also mean party members, i.e., . - or - .
Among other possible approaches to translating of the three component N+NN-type asyndetic substantival clusters the following are to be pointed out:
1) beginning with the initial adjunct noun of the N+NN-type sense unit: London trade Unions -/ ; state
security police or ; Attica state prison ' ;
2) beginning with the head noun and proceeding to the initial adjunct noun and then to the adjunct noun of the head: Attica state prison ' ( -) 2) or in the 3-1-2 order: ' ( -) ;
3) beginning with the head noun and proceeding to the first adjunct noun, i.e., in the 3-2-1 order: U.S. Senate seat ; Rand Daily/Mail newspaper (ϳ- );
4) beginning with the adjunct noun and proceeding to the head noun after which the second noun in the cluster is translated, i.e., in the 1 -3-2 order: world weight lifting championship ; Rand Daily Mail newspaper ; the millionaire press owners - / ; London delegate conference ;
5) widely represented among the N+NN subgroup word-groups are substantival clusters whose meanings are rendered into Ukrainian beginning with the NN-type sense unit and concluding with the initial noun (N), as in the word-groups a Government reserve scheme ; Andersonstown police station / ; Manchester housing estate ;
6) in still other cases the meaning of N+NN subgroup of substantival clusters can be rendered into Ukrainian only in the 3-1-2 order of their components arrangement: retail trade associations ; fne Hertfordshire County Council .
It should be emphasized once and again that some of the N+NN-model substantival clusters given above can be translated in two ways, depending on the treatment of the adjunct component as a noun or as an adjective: Al-Anon family groups 1. -; 2. - /; the Sheffield district committee 1. ; 2. .
The choice of the approach to a faithful translation, which could faithfully express an asyndetic substantival cluster's meaning, can be prompted, of course, by the context, in which the cluster functions, and by the style of the text under translation;
7) amply exemplified in this, as in the preceding NN+N sub
group of asyndetic substatival clusters are word-groups whose mean-
ing can be faithfully rendered in a descriptive way only: a rubber bullet gun ; September amateur stakes / ; Ulster Defence Regiment ϳ 䳿; rent assessment committees / .
The three-componental NNN-type asyndetic substantival clusters may also be often preceded by adjectives, participles, numerals or bahuvrihi components in the function of attributes. Irrespective of the semantic subgroup to which the clusters belong (the N+NN or the NN+N-type) their meaning is conveyed starting with the initial attributive component and then proceeding according to the rules employed above to the N+NN and the NN+N-types of three-componental asyndetic substantival clusters: the massive riot police operation ( ); the national cash register factory ; the giant Fiat motor company Գ; an international invitation horse race ; the five-storey Silver Seashore Hofe/' "ѳ ѳ" ( ); the voluntary wage-price regulation ( ) .
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When the initial attribute, however, does not refer to the whole NNN asyndetic substantival cluster and forms a close sense unit only with the initial noun, translating of the clusters usually starts from some other component, though not without exceptions either: special rides revision conference ; Common Market grain prices () ; the local government staff workers /; Upper Clyde shipyard sfewardnpeflCTaBHHK ; Northern Ireland Labour Party ϳ 䳿/ 䳿.
Exceptions to either of the two above-given rules of placement of components in translation are due to the existence of some different ways of expressing the same meaning in the target language: the British trade union movement 1. ; 2. ; American trade union organizer 1. ; 2. ; U.S. health - maintenance organization 1. ' ; 2. '.
The attribute in the three-componental asyndetic substantival clusters may sometimes modify the head noun and form a sense unit with it. Such attributes often serve as a starting point for translation of the NN+AN clusters as well: Kent area general secretary ; the Bangladesh National Awami Party 1. ; 2. ; But: World class high jumping ; the 1999 holiday shopping bag () 1999 ; 2) 1999 ; 3) 1999 .
The three-componental asyndetic substantival clusters consisting of two AN+AN(+N) component parts functioning as the extended adjunct and a head respectively (or as homogeneous adjuncts to a single head noun) are to be translated beginning with the head component irrespective of their structural form: Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association / ϳ 䳿.
Regular descriptive translating may also be employed when the meaning expressed by the asyndetic noun cluster is connected with a specific English (or Ukrainian) national notion or when the semantic structure of the cluster requires it, i.e., when there exists no other way of conveying its sense in Ukrainian: Noise Advisory Council working group ; Manchester direct works building s/ , ; eclipse eye protection ; Cossack salt merchants - .
