, , , , .
, , . : s = 180...240 /2 d > 50%. 859-78 . , 00 (99,99% Cu), 01 (99,95% Cu), 1 (99,9% Cu), 2 (99,7% Cu), 3 (99,5% Cu), 4 (99,0% Cu). , , , , , , , , , .
.
(10...40 %), , , , σ = 250...400 /2, δ = 35...15%. (96, 90,..., 62) . , , .. (n, Sn, Pb, Al).
( 10%), , , . (, , ). . 3-12-5 : , , , , 3, 12, 5 , . : σ=150...200 /2, δ=4...8%, 60 ( ).
, - , σ = 80...100 /2, 20, 2700 /3, . 11069-74 (999) (99,99% Al), (995, 99, 97, 95) (85, 8, 7, 6, 5, 0). , 99,0% Al; " " . ( ( ), (), ). (n, u, Mg, Si, Fe) . , (), (), ..
( 14%), , , σ = 200 /2, 50...70, δ = 5...10%. . , .
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( 5,5 %), ( 0,8 %), ( 0,8 %), ( 0,8 %) . ( 500...520 ). 4...5 170 4...5 .
. , . 400...480 /2 550...600 /2 .
. , - , , , . . 100...300 /3.
, - l23 , .
: , 3 , , ( 400 ); ( 2 ) ; .
: , (4500 /3) , , . , , 40%. , . , , , . , , .