/∙ | /∙ | ||
3 | 41,32 | 2 | 46,02 |
2 | 26,44 | NH2 () | 63,6 |
79,91 | 22,68 | ||
60,75 | Cl | 35,98 | |
61,5 | N2 | 64,02 | |
N | 58,16 | 35,02 | |
S | 44,35 | ||
r | 15,48 | ||
65 | 127,61 |
2: --
3
: --
= 3 (- 3) + ( ) + (- 2 -) + () = 3 * 41,32 + 60,75 + 26,44 + 22,68 = 233,83 /∙
= 222,88 /∙,
5 %.
, , . (, r ), . .
1.8. v
v
/∙
|
|
|
|
. 1.8 , , .
( 0 ) , 0 42 .
( ) .
= + * + 2 (1.34)
= + * + '-2 (1.35)
(1.34) , (1.35) .
(1.34) (1.35) , , 298 2. , , , ' - . .
, = f() = + *. , 0 298 .
() . (1.33) .
, , , , .. .
|
|
- . .
. , :
1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ' = 0 ( ).
, . = const ' = 0 .
, Q (2) (1):
Q = 2 - 1 = Δ
Δ , (), ; . Δ (). V = const, Qv = ΔU, V = const . Q Qv :
Q = Qv + ΔV = Qv + Δ v RT, (1.36)
Δ v = (∑ v) (∑ v) (, ). , + 2 = 2 Δ v = = 2 1 = 1. ΔV ≈ 0 Q ≈ Qv.
, 2 < 1 , .. Δ < 0, .
, 2 > 1 , .. Δ > 0, .
, Δr, . , : NH3(r) + HCl(r) = NH4Cl(); Δr0298 = - 17,57 . 0 Δ0298 , 1 (101,3 ) 298 . . :
() ;
() (, , );
() .
, .
. : 1) ; 2) , . , , . () .
|
|