.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




- .

, .

, .. .

+ +

.

, , , ( ). , ( ).

, , , , .

.

, , - . , , , , , .

, .

(Y) , , .

Y (1.13)

i , Z .

, , , , .. . .

(m 1 ), (N2 ), .

γm m

= γm * m (1.14)

, .. , , , , .

(+, -) .

:

= * α * n (1.17)

n , α .

+ = + * γ+= * n+ * γ+ (1.16)

- = - * γ-= * n- * γ- (1.17)

() = + +

+ = + * γ+= * γ+ (1.18)

- = - * γ-= * γ- (1.19)

:

= + * - (1.20)

 

,

= + * - * γ+ * γ+= 2 * γ+ * γ- (1.21)

(nm) nm = nm+ + mn-

nm = nm+ * mn- = n+m * nn * mm * γ+n * γ-m (1.22)

, , : ( ) (γ ).

:

γ = γ 2 = γ + * γ- (1.23)

= 2 = + * - = (1.24)

nm:

γ = (1.25)

= (1.26)

. , , .

lg γ = - h * Y (1.27)

h = (1.28)

 

ε , , . = 298 , ε = ε = 78,3,

lg γ = - 0,509 * Z+ * Z- * (1.29)

-. , :

.

 

.

1.

0,001 l2.

l2 2+ + 2l-,

2+ = 2l-,

Y Y (Y = 3Cm)

 

2

0,001 .

1. ZnSO4 = Zn2+ + SO42-,

Y

Y (0,001 * 22 + 0,001 * 22) = 0,004

2. -

lg γ = - 0,509 * Z+ * Z- *

lg γ = - 0,509 * 2 * 2 = - 0,1287

lg γ = 0,7435

3. .

= + * -

= 0,001 * γ+ * 0,001 * γ- = 0,0012* γ2 = 5,5 *10-7

= = 7,43 * 10-4






:


: 2016-03-27; !; : 901 |


:

:

,
==> ...

1698 - | 1691 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.019 .