- | , , , | 9 3 22 | |
- | , | , , , | 7 3 15 |
- | , | , , | 6 3 13 |
- | , , | 6 3 | |
- | 1 0 3 | ||
- | , | , |
. , . (
, , . . - ( mental power, . . ) , ,
3.7.
! |
. -, - . - , 5 2, 7 3 ( ) . . 15 -
7 . - . , 1-- ( inhibition ) - . , , . -, - , : , , . , 1-.
|
|
8 - 1- , . , - , , , .
F- ( field ) :, L- (learning - ) : - . .
, , . - , .
-- . -, ~ -1 . ,
, . ( . ), (. , . , . .). -, - , . . , : - , , , , I- , .
, , . , , . , , , . , , , , . , . , , .
, , ,
3.
. , -, . - (, ) , . , , . ; , . , . , 15 , . , . , . , , , . . . . . - . . (. [, 1996]).
|
|
. . , 10
11 12 , (. . , ). : , , , . , . [, 1996].
. , . , , . , . , . . . ( , ) . .. . . , , , . . . ( ) ,
3.7.
, : . , , . , 1962 . . . . -, , 4 . : . ( ) ( ) . . , , . . . , , . , , . , , .
|
|
. , () . , . . - , , . -
. , . . [Inhelder et al., 1974]. , . , , , . , , , , , 4 5 . : , , . : ( ). , . . : . , , , , , . , , 10 17.
, , , . , . , .. . -
|
|
3.
, . . , . . ; , ; . , .. . , , , . , .. [1981] .. , , , , . , , . , . [Siegler, 1984] , , . , . ., , . , . , , .
, , . , . . , , . . . -
. , , , -, , , , . : . , , . . . , , . , , . , , , . , , , , . , - .
. , , , , . . . ,
3.7.
I |
, , , . .-. - [1991] , . , , , , .
|
|
. , , , . . .. , . , , , IQ ; , .
, . , , . , , () . .
(, ) , -% , .
.. . ., 1979.
.. . ., 1996.
. () / / . A.M. . ., 1965.
.. // / . .. . ., 1996.
.. : . ., 1981.
- .-. . ., 1991.
. . ., 1969.
., . // . 1996. 6. . 28-33.
.. . ., 1960.
.. . ., 1976.
.. . ., 1958.
. -// . 1996. 6. . 54-61.
O.K. . ., 1984.
.. // . ., 1988. . 233-244.
.. // . 1995. 5. . 5-8.
. . ., 1967.
Beckman J., Guthke J. Complex problem solving, intelligence and learning abilities//Complex problem solving/Eds. P. Frensch, J. Funke. Bonn, 1995. P. 177-200.
Berry D., Broadbent D. Implicit learning in the control of complex systems//Complex problem solving/ Eds. P. Frensch, J. Funke. Bonn, 1995. P. 131-150.
Buchner A. Basic topics and approaches to the study of complex problem solving//Complex problem solving/Eds. P. Frensch, J. Funke. Bonn, 1995. P. 27-64.
Inhelder ., Sinclaire H., Bovet M. Appren-tissage et structures de la connaissance. Neuchatel, 1974.
Johnson-Laird P. Mental models. Cambridge, 1983.
Pages R., Derghal M. Reduire ou faciliter I'expression de I'idiosyncrasie individuelle: concepts et esquisse experimentale//Bulletin de Psychologie. 1984. V. 37, 11-14. P. 695-711.
3.
Piaget J., Inhelder . La representation de I'espace chez I'enfant. Neuchatel, 1947.
Siegler R. Mechanisms of cognitive growth: Variation and selection//Mechanisms of cognitive development/Ed. R.J. Sternberg. N.Y., 1984. P. 14-162.
Wimmer H., Perner J. Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception// Cognition. 1983. V. 13. P. 103-128.
, ,
, , , . -: , , , . , , . , XX ., , (., , . , . ).
XX . . , , , (. [, 1977]). , . , .
- . , . , , . . , . .
50- . . , . , ; , , .
, , , . , , , , , . , , . , , , . .
. , , , , , .
26? |
3.8. , ,