, ( ), ( , ). , (), , ( ). - -
3.
;
1. SDT.
,
,
.
.
(
)
C(N/n)-C(Y/n) Ps C(Y/s) - C(N/s)
(Zx) ( ; . . 3.1.4). Zx [Hodos, 1968].
, , SDT.
2. [Luce, 1963]
(bias)
:
P(N/s) x P(N/n)
= -
( H(Y/s)xP(Y/n
3. [Atkinson, 1963] ( )
= |
P(Y/n)
P(Y/n) + P(N/s)
. . , .
4. : , ,
(Ps/1 - Ps)[(P(Y/s)]/[P(Y/n)].
. . (1975) , , . ( , , . . 3.1.4.)
-
. , . . . , . . - , . , , , , . : , [Shepard, 1978], , (, , . [11].
|
|
, [von Wright, Mukkonen, 1964; Badley, 1972]. , () () , .
3.1. .
, , [Durlach, Braida, 1969]. ( 1 2 ) , , . , . , . [, 1979; , 1984, 1985].
- , [, 1982]. , . . , [, 1984-1989].
-
, . , , , , ( -
), . . . , , . . - . 6070- . - . . , , , , . , - [ ., 1973; Maffei, Fiorentini, 1973]. - - . -, , - . , -- , - . ( ) - . : , . , (, ).
|
|
, , -
3.
, , . , , . - , . , . .. (1985), , .. (19821987), , - .
(), , ( -- ) [Luce, 1986]. ( accuracy , . (1986) , , : response time not reaction time.) X. (1922)
: ... . 60- . , (speed-accuracy tradeoff functions SATF) , . . . 6080- . , , ( 0 1) ( ) , . , SDT: d . [Salthouse, 1981]. : SATF () , , . SATF ( ) [Luce, 1986]. - SATF . SATF, a CAF (conditional accuracy functions) - , . SATF , CAF, .
|
|
, SATF, , , , , SATF. SATF , SATF . SATF ,
3.1. .
, . , , (. ).
. , , [Santee, Egeth, 1982]. , , [Luce, 1986]. . , .
. (1971) SDT . , , , . [Andley, 1969; Pike, 1968] . , -, . , -
( ) . (, .) , . , . . (1960) (random walk model RWM) . : . RWM (= ), : < . . (1968) RWM, ( ). , ( , , , : < BPg). ( ) , ( ). ( RWM), , , . , , [Vickers, 19701980]. ,
|
|
3.
.
. (1972) : < , , , > . 19111974. , , . 3.1.3.
: , ( ) ; -. 20- . , : , (, , , , (. [22]), - . , .
, , ( ), - . , , , . .. (1860)
( ,
),
. (1984)
() ,
.
-
().
,
- (><) (
)
. :
, (
underconfidence);
( ). , . , , (overconfidence [Jones, 1938]).
|
|
, . 6070- . - [Broadbent, 19541971] . , [Kahneman, 1973]. [Swets, 1963] [Sorkin et al., 1968]; [Greenberg, Larkin, 1970], [Johnson, Hafter, 1980]; : [Luce, Green, 1978].
3.1. .
(vigilance) [Swets, 1977], ( ). ( ), .
, , .
, . .. , .. 3040- ., .. - (1973-1991) .. (1990-1994).
30-60- . : [, 1947; , 19471957], [, 1960], ( [, 1963; , 1967-1979; , 19681973]), [, 1955; , 1964; , 1972], ( , ., .).
.. (19401947), , . .. . [, 19631967] , ( , , ), . , ( , , . 6070- .). , . : , - [, 1963-1986].
.. (1962) , , , , , (, ) , . .. .. (1974) . , -
3.
.
.. (1985), ) .
- (. . 3.1.3).