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:




:

































 

 

 

 





. . 2. : , -. MA 2 16. . , .

 

 

2

 

7.1 .

7.2 .

7.3 .

7.4 . 5.2...5.4 ( -, , , ).

7.5 , ( , ).

7.6 , , 100- .


2.2

1.1 () .

1.2 .

2.1 , MA. :

. P (ak), k = 1, 2,, MA...

. . , K - . K . 1- ( ) P (ak / aj), k, j = 1, 2,, MA...

2.2 (MA = 2) P (a 1) = p P (a 2) = (1 p). p . 1 :

H (A) = p log2 p (1 p)log2(1 p). (1)

H (A), ..
, (P (a 1) = P (a 2) = 0,5) 1 . . , 1 . . . , p ¹ 0,5 H (A) < H max(A) . p = 0 p = 1 0, .

2.3 1- P (a 1/ a 1), P (a 1/ a 2), P (a 2/ a 1) P (a 2/ a 2). :

H (A) = . (2)

1. 1‑ P (a 1) = P (a 2) = 0,5; P (a 1/ a 1) = P (a 2/ a 2) = 0,3; P (a 1/ a 2) = P (a 2/ a 1) = 0,7. .

(2)

H (A) = 0,5(0,3log20,3 + 0,7log20,7) 0,5(0,3log20,3 + 0,7log20,7) = 0,881 ..

, (H max(A) = 1 ..). .

2.4 , , 1 .. (. 1). , P (a 1) = 0,8, P (a 2) = 0,2. H (A) = 0,722 .. (, ) ( , ). .

( m ). () MB

MB = . (3)

() .

2. 3 (m = 3) H (A) = 0,722 ..

(.. , ), (P (a 1 a 1) = P (a 1) P (a 1)). (3) MB = = 23 = 8. (, -) (. 1).

1

bi P (bi)
I II III IV V
a 1 a 1 a 1 0,512      
a 1 a 1 a 2 0,128          
a 1 a 2 a 1 0,128    
a 2 a 1 a 1 0,128      
a 1 a 2 a 2 0,032        
a 2 a 1 a 2 0,032    
a 2 a 2 a 1 0,032      
a 2 a 2 a 2 0,008    

 

:

= 2,184 ,

. (4)

= 0,728 . H (A) = 0,722 .. , ( = 1).

m , .. .

2.5 . , , , , . , (, m, ). ( ) (P (akaj) = P (ak) P (a / ak)).

, , , , . , (, ).

3.1 .

3.2 .

3.3 .

3.4 ?

3.5 ?

3.6 ?

3.7 m? m?

3.8 ?

4.1. . [2, . 16...27; 5, . 876...887]. . 6.

4.2 { a 1; a 2} P (a 1) = (0,8 0,02 N), N . . . - ( N) ( N). , , η m.

4.3 .

5.1 . 2.2 , , 2. , . 6. .

5.2 . (). .

. , . H (A), . . .

, (5)

N (), ;

N (), .

. 5.2 .

5.3 . ().

, . 5.2, .

5.4 1- . - 1- .

, . 5.2 5.3, 1- .





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