R - . . , , - . , . . , U=Umcosωt.
(4.11)
,
(4.25)
β ω (4.12) (4.5). г (4.25) , . (4.13) (4.25). (4.14). (4.25) . (4.25)
(4.26)
qm ; φ . , (4.26) (4.25), (4.26) (4.25). ,
(4.27)
(4.28)
г (4.27) (4.28) 㳿 .
ϳ (4.27) (4.28) ω2 (4.5) 2β (4.12),
(4.29)
(4.30)
, (4.25)
(4.31)
q ,
(4.32)
(4.31),
.
. (4.33)
( ) , . , ω .
(4.27) (4.37) , q Uc :
(4.34)
Uc . 4.4.
ω→0 Uc=Um 䒺 . , .
( β2<<ωo2) , ωo. , (4.32), Um Um
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(4.35)
Q . , .
(4.33) , . , ωo:
(4.36)
4.5.
.4.4 4.5 .4.6
. , 㳿 , . (W~A2), , , W/W=0,5, Am/Am=0,7 (. .4.6 ).
(. [5]), :
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.
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.
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. , , . , , ( ) ( ). , .
, , . .
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q σ. ̳ , (.5.2, ).
S .
ǒ .
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, , ᒺ .
, , . .
, . , , , . ,
S :
(5.2)
. , (5.2):
. (5.3)
г (5.3) ([7]), ([3]), .
³ 18601866. . , .
, . .
. , .
:
(5.4)
(5.5)
(5.6)
(5.7)
(5.4) S, L; (5.5) m ; (5.7) q ᒺ V, S.
, :
(5.8)
(5.9)
(5.10)
, , , , (5.4)(5.7), , (5.8)(5.10), .
г (5.4) , , .
г (5.5) , , .
г (5.6) .
г (5.7) , ᒺ ρ.
- .
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( = const =const), (5.4)(5.7)
.
, , .
(5.4) (5.5) - (5.6) (5.7) ᒺ, , :
(5.11)
(5.12)
(5.13)
(5.14)
(5.11) (5.12) , :
(5.15)
(5.16)
г (5.13) (5.14)
(5.17)
(5.18)
(),
x,y,z (5.11)(5.14) :
(5.19)
(5.20)
(5.21)
(5.22)
, .
(5.4) (5.5) . .. , , , . , , . .
(ε=const, μ=const) (ρ=0) (j=0) .
, (5.19)(5.22)
(5.23)
(5.24)
(5.25)
(5.26)
(5.23) rot
(5.27)
, , (5.27) (5.24),
(5.28)
= , , 䳺,
, (5.25) =0.
(5.28),
(5.29)
() [10].
(5.29):
(5.30)
(5.24)
(5.31)
(5.32)
, (5.29) (5.31), (5.30) (5.32), , (5.23) (5.24), , .
г
(. [11]). - , , , , , . , (5.30) (5.32) , ,
(5.33)
(5.33)
.
, ,