SQL , C++ Pascal.
SQL :
CREATE TABLE ;
DROP TABLE ;
SELECT ;
UPDATE ;
INSERT ;
DELETE .
.
40. .
(Open System Interconnection OSI).
. (. 1), , , .
| ( , Application) | |
| ( , Presentation) | |
| ( , Session) | |
| (Transport) | |
| (Network) | |
| ( , Data Link) | |
| (Physical) |
, , , ( ), , . .
(.2.2). , . ( ) . , .
, . , , .
(), , . . , , , . . ) . .
, , (Protocol Data Unit, PDU). (.2.3).
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| (Message) | ||
| (Packet) | ||
| (Packet) | ||
| (Packet) (Segment) | ||
| (Packet) (Datagram) | ||
| , (Frame) | ||
| (Bit) |
, .
. , .. , .
:
- ;
- ( );
- (, );
- ( , ).
(, ). , . ( ), .
(node) . , , .
, , , .
, (). . , , .
() (router, ). , . . . : ( RIP, ) ( OSPF, ).
(), .
. , , . , , .
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