Discussion
1. Discuss in pairs:
- What did you think when you heard the headline?
- What adjectives would you use to describe this story and why?
- What do you know about Rio de Janeiro and its carnival?
- Are you a carnival person?
- Have you ever been anywhere where there was a riot of colour and music?
- What would your city be like if happiness reigned across it?
- Does your city have any festivals or carnivals?
- Is there social harmony in your town?
- Do you think everyone has the right to play?
- Would you like to attend Rios carnival?
- Did you like reading this article?
- What do you think about what you read?
- Does violence overshadow life in your town?
- Are there waves of drug-related crimes in your town or country?
- How would residents of your town react to the killing by a drug gang of a six-year-old boy?
- What do you think is the best way for Rio to rid itself of drugs, guns and crime?
- What is your image of Brazilian people?
- In what other ways can a citys residents say no to violence?
- Do you think people are immune to seeing death and destruction on TV and in the papers?
- Did you like this discussion?
Revision
1. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the unit:
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- , . , , .
- , . , , .
- , . . , , - .
- , , .
- , , , .
- 12 , . .
- , : -, , ; -, , (, ..); -, , ; -, , ; ( , ).
- , , .
2. Translate the review from a travel magazine from Russian into English:
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- , . - , , .
, "" , , . . mascleta, Plaza Ayuntamiento 2 . , . , , , . , . , , , .. mascleta - , . . .
Unit 5. EDIBLE
Vocabulary
Look up the translation of the following words and word combinations in the dictionary:
1) adventurous (adj) Im not as adventurous as you and I havent travelled as much.
2) ant (n) An ant is a small insect that lives in a large group.
3) a balanced view (n) A happy childhood gives you a balanced view of food.
4) caterpillar (n) While Mark was in Africa he ate caterpillars.
5) childhood (n) Your childhood is the period of your life when you are a child.
6) chop (v) Julio used to chop vegetables in the kitchen.
7) cobra (n) A cobra is a large poisonous snake.
8) cockroac h (n) When Mark was in Indonesia he ate roasted cockroaches as a main course.
9) consumer (n) The Swiss are the worlds biggest chocolate consumers.
10) experiment (with) (v) Emma Buntons family used to experiment with food.
11) a good source of... (phr) Insects are a good source of protein and minerals.
12) grasshopper (n) Mark ate lots of fried grasshoppers in Thailand.
13) grow up (phr v) When I was growing up, we all used to eat round a table.
14) lifetime (n) The average person will consume 10,000 chocolate bars in a lifetime.
15) per capita (adj) The Swiss are the worlds biggest per capita chocolate consumers.
16) shoot (v) The shower scene in Psycho took seven days to shoot.
17) treat (n) Restaurants were a treat for Emma when she was growing up.
Food
Fish
1) anchovies (n) Anchovies are small fish that taste of salt.
2) cod (n) Cod is a common type of white fish.
3) hake (n) Hake is a large fish eaten as food.
4) lobster (n) Lobster is a type of seafood with a long body, eight legs and two large claws.
5) mussels (n) Mussels are a type of seafood consisting of a soft body inside a hard black shell.
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6) prawns (n) Prawns are small and pink and are a type of seafood.
7) salmon (n) Salmon is a common type of fish with pink flesh.
8) sardines (n) Sardines are small silver fish that people often buy in tins.
9) trout (n) A trout is a fish commonly eaten in food that lives in rivers or lakes.
10) tuna (n) Tuna is a large fish that people often buy in tins.
Fruit
1) cherry (n) A cherry is a small round red or black fruit.
2) fig (n) A fig is a soft fruit with purple or green skin and a lot of seeds inside.
3) grapefruit (n) A grapefruit is a fruit with yellow skin that looks like an orange.
4) lime (n) A lime is a fruit with green skin that looks like a lemon.
5) mango (n) A mango is a tropical fruit with red or green skin that is yellow inside.
6) melon (n) A melon is a large round fruit with yellow or green skin and orange, green or white flesh inside.
7) peach (n) A peach is a fruit with furry yellowish-pink skin.
8) plum (n) A plum is a small round fruit with purple, red or yellow skin.
9) raspberry (n) A raspberry is a small soft red fruit that grows on a bush.
10) strawberry (n) A strawberry is a small soft red fruit with a lot of very small seeds on its skin.
Meat
1) bacon (n) Bacon is meat from a pig that British people sometimes eat for breakfast.
2) chicken (n) Cobra tastes meaty a bit like chicken.
3) lamb (n) Lamb is the meat from a young sheep.
4) sausages (n) Sausages consist of a long thin tube of skin containing small pieces of meat.
5) turkey (n) Turkey is white meat that is similar to chicken.
6) veal (n) Veal is the meat from a young cow.
Vegetables
1) aubergine (n) Aubergines are long vegetables with purple skin.
2) bean (n) There are many different types of beans including green beans and soya beans.
3) cabbage (n) A cabbage is a hard round vegetable with large green leaves.
4) carrot (n) A carrot is a long thin orange vegetable.
5) cauliflower (n) A cauliflower is a vegetable with a hard, round white part in the centre of green leaves.
6) celery (n) Celery is a long thin green vegetable, usually eaten raw in salads.
7) courgette (n) A courgette is a long vegetable with dark green skin that looks like a cucumber.
8) cucumber (n) A cucumber is a long thin vegetable with green skin and is white inside, often eaten in salads.
9) garlic (n) Garlic is a round white vegetable with strong flavour that is often added to food.
10) leek (n) A leek is a long thin vegetable that is white at one end with green leaves at the other.
11) lettuce (n) A lettuce is a vegetable with large thin green leaves, eaten raw in salads.
12) mushroom (n) A mushroom is grey or brown vegetable with a round top and a short stem.
13) olive (n) Olives are small and black or green they are eaten raw or used for their oil.
14) onion (n) An onion is a round vegetable with thin brown skin that tastes and smells very strong.
15) pepper (n) A pepper is a red, green or yellow vegetable with small white seeds inside.
16) radish (n) A radish is a small pink or purple vegetable, eaten raw in salads.
17) spinach (n) Spinach is a vegetable with dark green leaves that are cooked or eaten raw in salads.
Other
1) antioxidant (n) Chocolate contains antioxidants which protect the body against cancer.
2) bake (v) When you bake something, you put it in the oven.
3) biscuit (n) I often have a cup of tea with a biscuit as a snack.
4) bottled (adj) A lot of people drink bottled water nowadays.
5) bread (n) I usually have bread and jam for breakfast.
6) burger and chips (n) Kids love eating burgers and chips.
7) caffeine (n) Chocolate contains caffeine.
8) chocolate-covered (adj) Have you ever eaten chocolate-covered peanuts?
9) cocoa (n) White chocolate doesnt contain any cocoa.
10) cooked (adj) Do you prefer raw or cooked vegetables?
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11) crème caramel (n) Crème caramel is a sweet food made from cream, eggs and sugar.
12) crisp (n) Dont eat too many crisps theyre bad for you.
13) curry (n) Curry is a hot, spicy dish from India.
14) dark chocolate (n) Dark chocolate is healthier than milk chocolate.
15) deep-fry (v) When you deep-fry something, you cook it in a lot of hot oil.
16) dish (n) Mark has tasted many unusual dishes from around the world.
17) draught (adj) Do you prefer bottled or draught beer?
18) fast food (n) Fast food is food such as burgers and chips.
19) feast (n) Mark had a feast of insects when he was in Indonesia.
20) flavour (n) Whats your favourite ice-cream flavour?
21) fresh (adj) I prefer eating fresh fish to frozen fish.
22) frozen (adj) I prefer eating fresh fish to frozen fish.
23) fry (v) When you fry something, you cook it in hot oil.
24) main course (n) When Mark was in Indonesia he ate roasted cockroaches as a main course.
25) mild (adj) Mild is a word that means the opposite of strong.
26) milk chocolate (n) A lot of milk chocolate contains very little cocoa.
27) mineral (n) Insects are a good source of protein and minerals.
28) over-cooked (adj) Vegetables that are over-cooked dont have much flavour.
29) peas (n) Peas are very small round green vegetables.
30) popcorn (n) I love eating popcorn at the cinema.
31) protein (n) Insects are a good source of protein and minerals.
32) raw (adj) Raw meat or fish has not been cooked.
33) red (meat) (n) Beef is a type of red meat.
34) rice (n) Most Indian and Chinese dishes contain rice.
35) roast (v) When you roast something, you cover it with oil and cook it in the oven.
36) salted peanuts (n) Salted peanuts are crunchy and salty.
37) seafood (n) L obster and mussels are types of seafood.
38) strong (adj) D o you like strong, black coffee?
39) syrup (n) Chocolate syrup was used for blood in the shower scene in Psycho.
40) tinned (adj) Tinned food is food that you buy in a tin.
41) tray dinner (n) O n Saturday we had a tray dinner in front of the TV as a treat.
42) vitamin (n) Fruit and vegetables contain important vitamins.
43) weak (adj) I prefer my coffee weak, with lots of milk.
44) white (meat) (n) Chicken and turkey are types of white meat.
45) white chocolate (n) White chocolate doesnt contain any cocoa.
Partitives
1) a bar of chocolate/soap
2) a bowl of fruit/sugar
3) a box of chocolates/matches
4) a bunch of bananas/flowers
5) a jar of honey/instant coffee
6) a packet of cigarettes/crisps
Taste and Texture
Taste
1) bitter (adj) Lemons have a bitter taste.
2) bland (adj) Something that is bland doesnt have much taste.
3) delicious (adj) Cobra is a little tough and chewy, but delicious.
4) disgusting (adj) Something that tastes disgusting has a taste that you really dislike.
5) fishy (adj) Does Cobra taste fishy? No, it tastes meaty.
6) fruity (adj) Theres a rich liquid inside the cockroaches that tastes sweet and fruity.
7) meaty (adj) Does Cobra taste fishy? No, it tastes meaty.
8) revolting (adj) Revolting is a word that means the same as disgusting.
9) salty (adj) Something that is salty tastes of salt.
10) spicy (adj) Curry is a hot, spicy dish.
11) tasty (adj) Fried grasshoppers are really crisp and tasty.
Texture
1) chewy (adj) Cobra is a little tough and chewy, but delicious.
2) crisp (adj) Fried grasshoppers are really crisp and tasty.
3) crunchy (adj) Roasted cockroaches are really crunchy on the outside.
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4) dry (adj) Do you prefer dry or sweet wine?
5) greasy (adj) Something that tastes greasy has been cooked in too much oil.
6) tough (adj) Something that is tough is difficult to chew.
Supplementary Reading
1. Read and translate the text:
Children of the Corn
A survey done this summer by Teenage Research Unlimited found that 35 percent of girls and 18 percent of boys thought being veggie was "in". Concern for animals is the leading reason kids give up eating meat.
In the last decade, animal-rights groups have made teenagers a prime target. At big rock concerts People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) shows stomach-turning footage of the worst slaughterhouses. Amy Kennedy, 20 of Philadelphia, vividly recalls seeing its videos three years ago. "I knew instantly that I would never eat meat again." Most veggies are indignant about factory-farming practices like debeaking chickens and clipping the tails off pigs.
Usually, moms and dads aren't too thrilled about their kids' vegetarianism. "It scares them," says Dr David Herzog of Massachusetts General Hospital. But getting enough protein usually parents biggest fear is not a problem. It is plentiful in the whole grains vegetarians are so fond of. iron and zinc are a more serious consideration, however, since they are most concentrated in animal flesh.
Most adolescent veggies have the same problems as their carnivorous peers: they like junk food. High school vegetarians, who complain about the limited options in their cafeterias, report that greasy cheese pizza and peanut butter sandwiches (both high in fat as well as protein) are their staples.
Giving up meat can sometimes be a warning sign of something more serious, like an eating disorder. Experts say many young women who suffer from anorexia start out as vegetarians.
Fortunately, most teen vegetarians face more mundane problems - like fitting into the family's eating routine. In the Ahkami household in southern California, mom Linda prepares two dinners most nights - one for her two vegetarian daughters, and another with meat for her husband. "It can be a nuisance," she admits.
Exercises on the text
1. Correct each of these statements:
1. Most teenagers stop eating meat because they are worried about their health.
2. At rock concerts, some animal-rights groups show videos of terrible diseases you can get from eating meat.
3. Most parents are worried that their children will not get enough vitamins if they are vegetarians.
4. Teenagers say there is a big selection of high quality vegetarian food in their school cafeteria.
5. Giving up meat is always a sign of a psychological problem.
6. Linda Ahkami cooks vegetarian food for the whole family every night.
2. Complete these sentences about yourself:
1. The reason that I eat a lot of________ is that ___________.
2. The kind of food I like best is ____________.
3. The first time I ate __________, I ____________.
4. One reason people become vegetarians is that _______________.
5. One thing that I cant eat is _______________.
6. The most unusual food Ive ever eaten was ______________.
7. The thing I dont like about (vegetarians/eating meat/modern farms) is that ______________.
3. Do you think it is wrong to kill animals for food? Why/why not? Is it more acceptable to eat fish and some types of meat than others? Is it wrong to kill animals for leather?
4. Do you agree with the vegetarians who avoid eating meat for health reasons? Why/why not?
Listening
1. Before listening the article Chocolate Is Good For Your Heart answer the question: Are the items in the table healthy? Rate them and share your ratings with your partner: 10 = Super healthy 1 = Will send you to an early grave. Change partners and share again.
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2. Spend one minute writing down different words you associate with the word heart. Share your words with your partner(s) and talk about them. Make up sentences that will bring out the meaning of the words and word combinations.
3. Match the phrases from the article Chocolate Is Good For Your Heart you are going to listen to. Sometimes more than one choice is possible. Listen and check if you were right:
| 1) chocolate may |
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| 2) This is fantastic news for |
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| 3) They compared how much chocolate |
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| 4) lower the risk |
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| 5) dark chocolate was the healthiest |
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| 6) at least one |
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| 7) The risk of suffering a |
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| 8) natural compounds in chocolate |
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| 9) Buijsse warns people not to suddenly |
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| 10) other high-calorie |
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4. Listen to the article Chocolate Is Good For Your Heart. Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F):
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- The article says German chocolate is the healthiest in the world.
- A study looked at 20,000 people over an eight-year period.
- Researchers followed people who were on a chocolate diet.
- Researchers found white chocolate helped reduce heart attacks.
- Chocolate cut the chances of strokes more than heart attacks.
- Chemicals in chocolate called flavonols are not found in nature.
- The lead researcher warned people not to eat too much chocolate.
- The researcher suggested replacing sweets with chocolate.
5. Listen to the recording one more time and reproduce how the words below were used in the article:
1) carried
2) lovers
3) diet
4) bad
5) healthiest
6) milk
7) least
8) risk
9) blood
10) suddenly
11) gain
12) calorie
6. After listening write five GOOD questions about chocolate in the table. When you have finished, interview other students. Write down their answers:
| STUDENT 1 ANSWERS | STUDENT 2 ANSWERS | |
| Q.1. | ||
| Q.2. | ||
| Q.3. | ||
| Q.4. | ||
| Q.5. |
