- 32- , , , , 0 . .
IP , , IP (1) , (2) , (3) . IP , , : , ( ), , . .
140.252.1.1 ( ), - 255.255.255.0 (8 8 ).
IP 140.252.4.5, , (140.252), (1 4). 2.3 , IP .
. 2.3 , .
IP 140.252.1.22, (140.252), (1). .
IP 192.43.235.6 ( ), . .
IP , , , IP .
IP- CIDR ( IP-/ ).
(31-36)
(31)
(. 2.1) , , . (line) (channel).
(medium) , , , , .
(. 2.2.):
- ();
- ( -);
- .
() - , . , . . .
|
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.
, , . , (KB, ), (Amplitude Modulation, AM) , , . , (), (Frequency Modulation, FM), ( microwaves). ( 4 ) . , , .
. , : , , , , , . , , . : , , - .
(twisted pair). (Shielded Twistedpair, STP), , (Unshielded Twistedpair, UTP), .
!!! !!!
, . (coaxial) , . , - , , . . - (optical fiber) (5-60 ) , . - ( 10 / ) .
, -. , . , , . 100 . , - , , , , , . .
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|
(32)
( DCE - Data Circuit terminating Equipment) , , . . DCE , ISDN, , . DCE , .
, , ( DTE - Data Terminal Equipment). DTE . .
DCE DTE . , , DTE, , DCE.
. :
;
.
, - - , . .
. , , . - , . , - . , . 2.1 , , , - , ( ).
. , - , . - , , , , , . .
, . , . , , (, ) , , .
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. , , . . , , (Frequency Division Multiplexing, FDM).
. , , , , 2 3 , . , . , , . (, , ) (Time Division Multiplexing, TDM), (- ) .
, , - . , , - .
(33-36)