, , , . = .
, .. ( ). : , . :
2NO + Cl2 D 2NOCl;
H2 + I2 D 2HI;
N2 + 3H2 D 2NH3;
+ H2O D CO2 + H2 ..
. , (→) , () . (1) (2) . 7.1.
, V, , , V, . V V, ( ).
, V V. V = V .
GP,T. D GP,T = 0 .
( ), , . , , [NO], [Cl2], [NOCl], , NO, l2, NOCl.
. , , , , , .. , , .
, :
+ b D +dD. (1)
:
V = k []a []b, (2)
V = k []c [D]d. (3)
V = V
k []a []b = k []c [D]d. (4)
:
, (5)
.
: , , , .
, (5), . , , 1 /. K.
|
|
( k k ) , .
, :
I2() + 2() D2HI(),
, , , ( ), .. , , . , ( ) :
CaCO3() D aO() + CO2(),
=[2].
(- ) ΔG
ΔG = - RT lnK = (6)
R (8,31 /(∙)); , ; .
( = 298 ):
ΔG0298 () = - 5,71lgK298.
ΔG , ( ) .
:
- K > 1, ΔG < 0, , ( );
- K < 1, ΔG > 0, , ( );
- K = 1, ΔG = 0, , .