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Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), (. ISO - International Standards Organization). , . . .

OSI :

  • 1: ;
  • 2: - , ;
  • 3: - , ;
  • 4: - ;
  • 5: - ;
  • 6: - ;
  • 7: - .

1 .

- - , , . .

5e, 6 7, , 2,4 5,1 G. .

:

  • - .
  • - .
  • - .

. ( ). , . Ethernet.

. Token Ring FDDI . .

, . .

2 Ethernet.

Ethernet . Ethernet Xerox Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) Intel Corporation. 1982 Ethernet 2.0. Ethernet IEEE IEEE 802.3.

IEEE 802.3 , . 10 Mbps (Ethernet) 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet) 10 GBit Ethernet.

3 .

IP (internet Protocol). NetBIOS EUI Microsoft IPX Novell IP.

4-7.

.

. "" - - .

 

13

OSI
 
 
 
 
 
  (LLC) (MAC)
 
:

(. Data Link layer) OSI, , . , , , . , , : Ethernet (), Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), HDLC ADCCP - ().

, . . OSI, .

, , . , . , .

, . .

, . , , .

, .

.[ 822 ] , , . : ODI, NDIS.[ 822 ][ ? ]

, , MTU. MTU . .

[ | -]

IEEE 802 2 . MAC (Media Access Control) , LLC(Logical Link Control) .

[ | -]

1. . . , , (, , , ).

2. . . , .

3. ( ). , . (MAC-) .

4. . , . , . , .

5. . PDU , , , , - .

 

14 TCP/IP

, , . (Vinton G. Cerf). " ". 1997 (Robert E. Kahn) , . - - MCI WorldCom Inc.

1972 TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ( / ).

. ARPANet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network - ). , , , , - . "" - , , .

TCP/IP , , , - . TCP/IP .

TCP/IP , , . . , TCP, , . , IP, . .

TCP/IP:

HTTP

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol - ) TCP/IP - . HTTP Web-. HTTP . HTTP World Wide Web.

HTTP, , HTTP-. Web- , - , Web-.

, Web-, - - - (HyperText Markup Language, HTML).

, HTTP, : http://www.tut.by

FTP

FTP (File Transfer Protocol - ) . . , FTP- : ftp://ftp.netscape.com

TELNET

( , ) , .

Telnet . . , . Telnet- , , Windows 98.

Telnet , , (Start) (Run) , , : telnet lib.ru

( lib.ru , , .) Telnet, .

WAIS

WAIS Wide-Area Information Servers. . WAIS , . - . - WAIS.

, . , , . , .

, WAIS , , .

WAIS : wais://site.edu

Gorpher

Gopher - , 1991 . World Wide Web Gopher ( ) . Gopher WWW, , . - Gopher . Gopher , , , telnet- WAIS.

Gopher "", . Golden Gophers (" ").

Gopher Web-, .

Gopher : gopher://gopher.tc.umn.edu

WAP

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) 1997 Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia Phone.com ( Unwired Planet) , - , , , ., .

, WAP, , Web-, ( ) . WAP, .

15 .

 

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) UDP (User Datagram Protocol) (. Transport layer) - 4- OSI , , . , , , . , , , . -. : TCP, UDP. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol - ) . TCP , . TCP - . , TCP . UDP (User Datagram Protocol - ) . , , (, ), , , , . , , , , -. , . (multiplexing) , ( ) . - , , . , . . . , - . , . , . , , . Internet :





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