- , ( 1758 ), 31 1730 27 1783 .
1763 , 1768 .
, . , , ( . ) , m n m n . 1848 , 1764-69 . , , . . .
. .
Pn(x) (x-a)
x = a.
:
Pn(x) n,
(x-a) - ,
Qn-1(x) Pn(x) x-a ( n-1),
R (R x x).
:
:
Pn(x) = (x-a)Qn-1(x) + R.
x = a:
Pn(a) = (a-a)Qn-1 (a) + R =0*Qn-1(a)+R=0+R=R.
, R = Pn(a), .. (x-a) x=a, .
1:
Pn (x) ax+b x = -b/a, . . R=Pn (-b/a).
:
:
Pn(x)= (ax + b)* Qn-1 (x) + R.
x= :
Pn (-b/a) = (a(-b/a) + b)Qn-1(-b/a) + R = R. , R = Pn (-b/a), .
2:
a P (x),
(x-a) .
:
P (x) x-a P (a), a P (x), , P (a) =0, .
, P (x) = 0 P, ( ).
3:
P (x)
a1, a2, , an, (x-a1) (x-an)
.
:
. n=1 2. , k, , P(x) (x-a1)(x-a2) (x-ak),
|
|
a1, a2, , ak - .
P(x) k+1 . a1, a2, ak, , ak+1 , , , (x-a1) (x-ak), ,
P(x) = (x-a1) (x-ak)Q(x).
ak+1 P(x), . . P(ak+1) = 0.
, x ak+1, :
P(ak+1) = (ak+1-a1) (ak+1-ak)Q(ak+1) = 0
ak+1 a1, , ak, ak+1-a1, , ak+1-ak 0. , Q(ak+1), . . ak+1 Q(x). 2 , Q(x) x-ak+ 1 .
Q(x) = (x-ak+1)Q1(x),
P(x) = (x-a1) (x-ak)Q(x) = (x-a1) (x-ak)(x-ak+1)Q1(x).
, P(x) (x-a1) (x-ak+1) .
, , k =1, n = k , n = k+1. , , .
4:
n n .
:
: Pn(x) n n - n+k (a1, a2, , an+k - ), 3
(x-a1) (x-an+k), n+k, .
, , n , n , .
5: