,
(, )
. 5 : 1- ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - ; 5 - ; 6 - ; 7 - 10.
8 9 2 ( ); 3, , , , 10; 4 11 ; 5 12.
, .
1/1. 220 .
: = m (). : .
, , , , .
, .
:
( + )
) )
. 1
+ = ,
+ = ( + ) ,
= . (1)
:
a) )
. 2
+ = + ; (2)
. (3)
:
= 0
) )
. 3
= ; (4)
= . (5)
- .
.
m << m . , m m ,
≈ ,
m :
,
. . m / m <<1.
: = .
: = .
(, ..)
(2) ( ) :
m = m + m , (6)
- , , - , .
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) ) ) )
. 4
x (. 4, ,) (6)
= - . (7)
, :
= , (8)
(. 4, , ) h = l - lcos ( - ; - m ), (8)
= ,
= = 2sin( /2) , (9)
= .
( ):
= (10)
( ):
= . (11)
:
= , (12)
. . = 0, (12)
= | - |/ . (13)
:
= ,
- , ; - .
= , = 0, = , = , , (9), (10), (11),
= [ + ]/ . (14)
ΔE :
ΔE = - ( + ),
ΔE = (1- ). (15)
:
[g] = [ ], [l] = [], [ ] = [/], [ ] = [], [E] = [].
4.