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xxx_Head?Test. PatternName: Pattern. : Convex[1,{P: {_?NumericQ, _?NumericQ}}, rest_] - Convex, 1, - , P, - , rest.
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Mathematica . Condition. - /; - Pattern /; Condition. : x_ /; NumberQ[x] - , x_ /; NumberQ[x]&&Im[x]=0 , x_List /; VectorQ[x] - , ..
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, , Alternatives. , |. Pattern1 | Pattern2 |... | Patternn : f[x: (_Integer | _Rational | _Complex)]:=Log[x] /; Positive[x]. Integer, Rational, Complex , .
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, x_:Value. : f[x_,y_:1,z_:2]:=p[x,y,z]
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Mathematica, , . Optional. x. , , . x_+y_ - 2- ; x_+y_. - 2- ; a_.x_^2+b_.x_+c_ -
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MatchQ[expr, pattern] true, . , FullForm Head, . : MatchQ[Sqrt[3], _Real]