1. d v , v,
2. u , du (arcsin(x), arctag(x), ln(x),)
1.
: R (x) = P(x)/Q(x) , Q(x)= 0, , 1, 2, , ( ), x 2 + px + q= 0 l , M 1 x + N 1, M 2 x + N 2, Mlx + Nl (l ),
, x, 1, 2, N 1, M 1
2. .
1.
x =un, dx= n un- 1 du ,
2. .
(ax + b)/ (px + q) = un ,
3. ò dx (ax 2 +bx +c) 1/2.
, ò ò dx (1- x 2) 1/2 ò dx (x 2 1) 1/2
) ò dx (1- x 2) 1/2| x = sin u, dx = cos udu |
b) ò dx (x 2 +1) 1/2| x = sh u, dx = ch udu, ch2 u sh2 u =1, u = Arsh x = ln(x + )|
sh2 u = 2sh u ch u =2 x (x 2+1)1/2
c) ò dx (x 2 - 1) 1/2| x = ch u, dx = sh udu,
4. ò dx / [(x -a)(ax 2 +bx+c)1/2 ] | x -a= 1/ u Þ dx = -(1/ u 2) du, x =a+ 1/ u
5. ò(Ax + B) dx / (v)1/2 = A 1 (v)1/2 + B 1 ò dx/ (v)1/2 (*)
: 1) (*), 2) (v)1/2 3)
6.
ò xm (a+bxn) p dx
a) p , p
b) (m +1) / n Þ a+bxn = zr, r p
c) (m +1) / n +p Þ a+bxn = xn z r, r p
3. . :
I. ; II ; III ;
IV
, :
.
1. ( - !)
2. : , :
3. II 1, m n ; m n -.
4. III :
)
)
5. IV
.
1. F (x) = f (x).
F (x) f (x).
2. ò f (x) dx= F (x) + C -
0. ò0 dx =C, | |
1. ò xk dx = xk +1/ / (k +1) + C, k ¹ -1 | 2. ò dx/x = ln | x | + C |
3. ò ax dx = ax / lna +C | 4. ò ex dx = ex +C, |
5. ò Cosx dx = Sinx +C, | 6. ò Sinx dx =-Cosx +C |
7. ò dx/Cos 2 x dx = òsec2 x dx= tgx +C, | 8. ò dx/Sin 2 x dx = òcosec2 x dx=-ctgx +C |
9. | 10. |
11. | 12. |
13. ò Chx dx = Shx +C, | 14. ò Shx dx =Chx +C |
15. ò Ch -2 x dx = thx +C, | 16. ò sh -2 x dx =-cthx +C, |
17. | |
18. | |
12. | |
9*. | 10* |
11*. | 12* |
19. | |
20. |
|
|
1.(ò f (x) dx) = [ F (x) + C ]= F (x) = f (x),
2. d (ò f (x) dx) =d [ F (x) + C ]= F (x) dx = f (x) dx,
3.ò f (x) dx = ò df (x)= f (x) + C,
4. ò C×f (x) dx = C× ò f (x) dx,
5. ò[ f (x) g(x)] dx = ò f (x) dx òg(x) dx,
6. ò f (u) du = F (u) + C.
1. , dx= (1/2) d (2 x)=(1/2) d (2 x+b)=(1/3) d (3 x)=.. | 2. xdx= (1/2) d (x 2)=(1/2) d (x 2 + b )=(1/2 a) d (ax2 + b ) |
3. | 4. |
5.cos xdx = d (sin x) = d (sin x + b), cos axdx =(1/ a) d (sin ax) = (1/ ac) d (c sin x + b) | 6. sin xdx =- d (cos x) = - d (sin x + b), sin axdx =-(1/ a) d (cos ax) = -(1/ ac) d (c cos x + b) |
7. dx/ cos2 x =dtgx= d (tgx + b), dx/ cos2 ax = (1/ a) dtgax= (1/ aC) d (Ctgax + b) | 8. dx/ sin2 x =-dctgx= -d (ctgx + b), dx/ sin2 ax =- (1/ a) dctgax=- (1/ aC) d (Cctgax+b) |
9. | 9. |