22. . . .
Δ ΔG . , (ΔG < 0) , (ΔΗ > 0). , . ΔS.
S , , . \( )
, .
- . .. .
-. . .
, -:
ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS
( . enthalpo ), H S P, U
H = U + PV
: . Δ < 0 ( ), ΔS > 0.
ΔG =Δ ΔS , ΔG < 0
.
. Δ> 0 ( ), ΔS < 0
ΔG > 0. ,
.
. Δ = ΔS ΔG = 0. -
.
. Δ < 0 ΔS < 0, Δ > 0 ΔS > 0. -
ΔG , : Δ ΔS.
ΔS >> Δ, ΔG < 0; ΔS << Δ, ΔG < 0.
23. . . .
;
D G <0 ;
D G =0 ;
D G >0 ( ).
, ; :
:dG=dH-TdS G=H-TS TS- , .
max .