() , - - .
. . , . 1 .
1
.. | - | |||
sp | Ag+, Hg2+ | [Ag(NH3)2]+ | ||
sp2 | Hg2+ | [HgI3]- | ||
sp3 | Al3+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ti3+, Fe2+ | [BeF4]2- | ||
sp2d | Pt2+, Pd2+, Cu2+, Au3+ | [Ni(CN)4]2- | ||
sp3d | Fe3+ | [Fe(CO)6]0 | ||
sp3d2 | Ni3+, Cr3+, Co3+, Ni2+, Pd4+, Pt4+ | [Cr(H2O)6]3+ |
. , . ( ), . , , , , .
, , [NiCl4]2- , [Ni(CN)4]2-
. :
x + 4(-1) = 2-
x = 2+
Ni 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8;
Ni2+ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s0 3d8.
:
3d 4s 4p
Ni2+ , [NiCl4]2-:
()
Cl- ( "*")
, . , .
, [NiCl4]2- , ( sp3), ( ).
|
|
, [Ni(CN)4]2- :
( ), ( dsp2), ( ).
. () . . , d- , . , .
, , . , .
. , . , .