________________________________________________________ 6
______________________________________________________ 8
_________________________________________________________ 10
1. _______________________________________________ 12
1.1 . ___________________________________________________________________ 12
1.2. ________________________________________________________ 19
1.2.1. ___________________________ 19
1.2.2. _____________________________________ 21
1.2.3. - 22
1.3 . _____________________ 25
1.4. _______________ 31
2. _____________________________ 34
2.1 __________________________________________________ 34
2.2 _________________________________________ 36
2.3 . 40
2.4 ______________________________________ 47
2.5 ______________________ 48
2.6 _____________________________________ 50
3. . _________________________ 53
3.1 _______________________________________ 53
3.2 _____________________________________________ 57
3.3 _____________________________________________ 60
3.4 ________________________ 62
4. _________ 67
4.1 ____________________ 67
4.2 _________ 69
4.3 75
4.4 ________________________________________ 78
4.5 __________________________ 81
4.5.1. _______________________________________ 82
4.5.2. ________________________________________ 84
4.5.3. _______________ 86
4.5.4. ______________________________ 88
4.6 _____________ 96
4.6.1. 96
4.6.2. _______________________ 100
4.6.3. ( )__________ 103
4.7 ___________________________________________ 109
4.7.1. ________________________ 111
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4.7.2. ________________________________ 114
4.7.3.-____________________________________________ 116
4.7.4. _____________________________ 120
5. _______ 124
5.1 ______________________________________ 126
5.2 ____________________________________________________ 130
5.3 ______________________________ 133
5.4 _________________________________ 139
5.5 141
6. __________ 144
6.1 _ 144
6.2 _______ 147
6.3 ________________ 151
6.4 152
6.5 ___________________________________ 155
6.6 _____________________________ 158
6.7.1. ____________________________________ 159
6.7.2. _________________________________________ 161
6.7.3. ____________________________________ 163
6.7.4. _________________________ 166
6.7 ________________________________ 169
6.8 OSI____________________________________ 188
6.9 INTERNET_______________________________________ 193
6.9.1. Internet_________________________________ 193
6.9.2. Internet___________________________________________ 194
6.9.3. Internet_______________________________ 197
6.9.4. Internet_______________________ 199
6.9.5. _____________________________ 203
6.9.6. Internet_____________________________ 204
7. ____ 223
7.1 ________________________________________ 224
7.2 ________________________________ 227
7.3 ________________________ 232
7.3.1 _____________________ 232
7.3.2. _________________________________ 234
7.3.3 _______ 237
8. ____________________________________________________ 239
8.1 __________________________________________________________________ 239
8.2 ______________________ 250
8.2.1 _______________________________ 250
8.2.2 ______________________________________ 252
8.2.3 ______________________________________ 269
8.2.4 _______________________________ 273
8.2.5 _______________________________________ 277
8.2.6 _________________________________ 285
8.3 __________________________ 290
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8.4 293
8.4.1. ._____________________ 294
8.4.2. . . 295
8.4.3 .__________________ 297
8.4.4 .______________________ 299
8.4.5 ______________ 301
8.4.6 __________ 304
8.4.7 ______________________________________________________ 308
8.5 __________________________________________________________ 311
8.5.1 ___________________________________________ 312
8.5.2 CASE - __________________________________________ 313
9. - 319
9.1 ____________________ 321
9.2 _______________________________ 331
9.3 _____________________________________ 360
9.3.1 __________________________ 360
9.3.2 362
.
______________________________________________________ 366
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