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1.
STREET FESTIVAL
There is a long tradition of street performers in many countries. In medieval times, dancers, singers, musician and actors traveled around, performing at markets, fairs and festivals, wherever there was a crowd to watch them. The tradition is still alive.
In some countries such, as France, there are festivals every year. These festivals still have the spirit of the medieval fairs. In Germany there`s a different kind of festival. It`s called ``street theatre``. Groups of actors and entertainers come from different countries to perform in the open air. Then there `s the carnival, which in some ways is very different. The most exciting carnival are the ones in South America and the West Indies, where people dress in fantastic, brightly coloured costumes and dance to music in the streets.
In London, there`s a West Indian Carnival every year. People who originally came from the West Indies keep the tradition of the carnival alive. Street bands play on the platforms of lorries driving through the streets. In front of them, groups of dancers, wearing bright costumes, dance to music. The crowds join in with dancers. You can buy all kinds of West Indian food everywhere.
In France there is festival called the ``saltimbanque``. The festival goes on for three or four days. Everybody stops working (except the people who work in bars and cafes). People come out on the streets and watch the performers. Everyone dresses up. Ordinary people wear costumes of animals, fairies and monsters. Children love the festival. Often, the street actors paint the children`s faces for them. Many groups of actors and musicians entertain the crowds. There are many shows and street bands. There are many individual performers who thrill the people. There are fire eaters and tightrope walkers. In the evening, there are many musicians playing music from different countries. People dance and sing to the bands in the streets.
2.
1. Where did actors, singers and dancers perform in medieval times?
2. Where are the most exciting carnivals?
3. What do people usually do at the carnivals?
4. Where does a West Indian Carnival take place?
5. What can you buy at the West Indian Carnival?
6. Do people work during the festival every year?
7. How do the actors entertain the people?
8. What do people do in the streets?
3. , : Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, ast Continuous, Present Perfect.
1. They (to listen) to the radio when the telephone (to ring).
2. I (to look) for a nice pair of gloves.
3. My train (to leave)in half an hour.. OK, I (to drive) you to the station in my car.
4. Nowadays cars (to get) more and more expensive.
5. You (to skate) last Saturday? Yes, we (to skate) the whole day yesterday.
6. When Nick (to get) up every morning?
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7. I (to see) the film this week.
8. As soon as I (to hear) a cry, I (to run) out of the room and (to see) that a child (to lie) on the ground and (to cry). ``What (to happen)? Why you (to cry)? You (to hurt) yourself? `` I asked.
4. , Active Voice Passive Voice.
1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday.
2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow.
3. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia.
4. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation tomorrow.
5. The article (to publish) last week.
6. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov.
7. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147.
8. Soon he (to send) to sanatorium.
5. , .
1. do do what you
2. are this you do what to evening going
3. you the week conference last at were
4. year holiday did on you last go where
5. languages do speak many you how
6. is university studying ay Martha what
7. games he does video playing like
8. already you have all exercises the done.
6. , .
1. ?
2. -.
3. ?
4. , .
5. .
6. .
7. . .
8. .
7. , .
1. . , . , : .
2. ?
3. , , . , ?
4. , .
8. .
1. I havent seen him since last year, said Mary, and I think he has grown.
2. Soon I shall know the whole poem perfectly, John told me.
3. Please, dont ask me any more questions, she said to me.
4. I can give it to you only for a few days. He told me.
5. Have you done your homework or did you leave it till the evening, Bob? asked Mike.
6. I wont need it tonight. He answered.
7. I think my friend has finished reading Jane Eyre, said Martha.
8. She asked me: Where have you put my gloves? I can not find them.
2 2
COMEDY
The word comedy comes from the Greek word, which means merrymaking. Comedy is a form of drama that deals with humorous or ridiculous situations and has a happy ending. But even in the midst of laughter, comedy can raise surprisingly serious problems.
Greek playwrights never mixed tragedy and comedy in the same play. Greek Old Comedy, as the comic plays of the 400`s BC are called, was outspoken and bawdy.
The only surviving comedies are by Aristophanes. His plays reflect the spirit of Athens at that time, with the Athenians` sense of freedom, vitality, and high spirits, and their ability to laugh at themselves.
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After Athens was defeated in the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC, there was less freedom of speech. Old Comedy, with its elements of political and social satire, was no longer permitted by the government.
Comedy revived in Athens in the late 300`s BC, but it changed so much that it was called New Comedy. New Comedy dealt mostly with the everyday life of middle-class Athenians. Private intrigues replaced the political and social satire of Old Comedy.
With the decline of Greek civilization, drama fell into decay. It was revived in Rome and the Romans plays were modeled on the Greek. The Romans liked comedy and disliked tragedy. Plautus and Terence, ancient Roman playwrights wrote situation comedies from everyday life.
Their plays were of high standard, but in course of time the comedies of Rome became coarse and vulgar. The early Christian fathers, horrified by the indecency of the Roman plays, finally closed down all the theatres in the empire.
1.
1. What language does the word comedy come from?
2. What does this word mean in Greek?
3. What is the difference between comedy and tragedy endings?
4. What was Old Comedy?
5. What was New Comedy?
6. Were Roman plays modeled in the Greek?
7. Why were all the theatres in the Empire closed by the early Christian fathers?
8. What were the well-known Greek playwrights?
2. , : Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Present Perfect.
1. When Anna (to have breakfast) every day?
2. Last week she (to write) a story about her pet.
3. You (to come) to my place next week?
4. I (not to play) the guitar now.
5. When I (to come) home yesterday my sister (to sleep).
6. They (to pay) the electric bill this month?
7. When I (to enter) the kitchen, I (to see) that my mother (to stand) at the table and (to cut) some cabbage. She (to cook) dinner.
8. Nowadays cars (to get) more and more expensive.
3. , Active Voice Passive Voice.
1. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest.
2. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147.
3. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian aviation.
4. He (to give) me this book next week.
5. The letter (to receive) tomorrow.
6. Hockey (to play) in winter.
7. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.
8. The porter (to bring) your luggage to your room.
4. , .
1. hotel, where, the, is?
2. capital, what, of, is, the USA, the?
3. cinema, do, go, you, how, to, the often?
4. friends, how, see, often, you, do, your?
5. English, are, homework, you, your, doing?
6. on, year, last, holiday, did, you, go, where?
7. you, when, your, did, visit, grandmother?
8. your, will, when, you, exams, pass?
5. , .
1. - .
2. .
3. .
4. ?
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. -?
6. may(might), can(could).
1.you help me?
2. You read this book: you know the language well enough.
3. The school was silent: nothing be heard in the long dark corridors.
4. Waiting be endless, you know.
5. There be no doubt about it
.
7. .
1. Oleg said: My room is on the second floor.
2. Tom said: I have already had breakfast.
3. The teacher said: We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.
4. Nellie said: I read `Jane Eyre` last year.
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5. I said to them, I can give you my uncle address.
6. Do you like my pies. Ann? asked her grandmother.
7. What did you do at school yesterday, John? said his father.
8. Come to my house tomorrow, Jane said Lena.
2 3
The British Museum
The British Museum is the largest and richest of its kind in the world. This Museum comprises the National Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography, and the National Library. It was built in the middle of the 19th century. The Museum is situated in London (in Bloomsbury district).
On one of the houses in Bloomsbury there is a plaque, which tells people that for nearly 50year this was the home of Sir Hans Sloane, the benefactor of the British Museum.
Sir Hans Sloane was an Irishman. He arrived in London nearly 300 years ago with 800 species of plants collected in West India. His particular specialities were natural history specimens and books. All his long life Sir Hans Sloane remained a collector. In his will he offered his vast collection to the people of Britain. Later on the Government bought his collection. Two important libraries were added to the collection of natural history specimens and books.
At first, his collections were on view to the public in a large house not far from the present museum.
The present building was built in 1852.
By law a copy of every book, periodical or newspaper published in Britain must be preserved in the British Museum. All printed matter is kept in a separate building in another part of London.
The British Museum is closely connected with the name of an Italian, Anthony Panizzi. Being a lawyer, he occupied the position of principal librarian at the British Museum. He also designed plans for the construction of the famous circular Reading Room at the British Museum. Visitors to the Museum who want to enter the Reading Room must have a ticket of admission. Only people f the age of 21, engaged in serious study and who can't obtain the books they require elsewhere, use the Reading Room.
The Reading Room has an unusual shape. It is a perfect circle. The superintendent and his assistants sit in the centre of the room and issue and collect books. The catalogues are kept behind them. Todaythere're millions of volumes in the library.
The British museum contains books and manuscripts: British, Greek, Roman and oriental antiquities. This collection is so vast that only a very small percentage is on show to the public. Every year the British Museum is visited by 2 million people.
1.
1. What does the British Museum comprise?
2. When was it built?
3. Where is it situated?
4. What was sir Hans Sloan?
5. When was the present building built?
6. What was Anthony Panizzi?
7. What must have visitors to the Reading room of the British Museum?
8. What does the British Museum contain?
2. , Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite, Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Present Perfect.
1. I (to see) the film this week.
2. I (not to write) the letter now.
3. Pupils (to go) to school every day.
4. The (not to go) to school on Sunday.
5. Yesterday they (to go) to the country.
6. They (not to go) to Moscow last year.
7. When I (to come) home my sister (to play) the piano.
8. When you (to enter) the University?
3. , Active voice Passive voice.
1. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov.
2. He (to give) me this book next week.
3. We (to call) Zhukovsky the father of Russian aviation.
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4. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow.
5. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and
Pest.
6. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia.
7. We (to show) the historical monuments to the delegation tomor-
row.
8. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the
USA in this book.
4. , .
1. your, friendly, is, teacher, English?
2. phone, what, is, your, number?
3. you, do, city, in, live?
4. parents, do, know, your, English?
5. cinema, do, go, you, how, to, the, often?
6. often, do, the, how, you, watch, news?
7. friends, how, see, often, you, do, your?
8. you, watch, did, TV, night, last?
5. , can, must, may.
1. .
2. .
3. ?
4. .
5. ?
6. .
7. .
8. .
6. may (might), can (could)
1. He go home if he likes.
2. I you pass your exams, you go to the south.
3. Becky`s mother said that everybody take part in the picnic.
4. you swim last year?
5. I translate this sentence.
6. Nobody help him.
7. you swim last year?
7. .
1. The woman said, You speak English very well
2. My sister said, I am going to be a doctor
3. She said, They arrived to Saint Petersburg yesterday.
4. He said, They are leaving next Monday.
5. The clerk said to them, You can leave the key with the maid upstairs.
6. Nick said, I have never been to London.
7. The teacher said, Next year we shall have six hours of English a week.
8. Mother said to me, I feel not well today.
