.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


-

 

: - , G ¥ .

 

 

. ( ) , ( ) .

/ / , . ( a b) , , 1 , - , - . , , , . 3.1. . - , , . . 3.1 ( ) '. a b

, (3.1)

, , , ( , ) , . , i- n i,

, (3.2)

a b , w .

(3.3)

i- , ( ) .

i- G i( ""), S :

. (3.4)

/2. IUPAC i. , .

, , () s i

, (3.5)

m i i- . , ( )

. (3.5)

, (' . 3.1) , i . , , , . (3.5)

, (3.6)

m - , , . m = m 0 + RT ln(g C), g - , m 0 g C 1. (3.6) = const

, (3.6)

g .

(3.6) . , , . , ( , ). : , s , , s .

/ s . ( , ) s (. 3.2). 3.5, . , . / , . . , і і Ζ, NH = (, , , ), s (. 3.2). , , - і . s , s (. 3.2).

, , . - ( ), . , -d s /d C, . , 3(2)nOH, . , / -d s /d C 3.2 2.

, , 5, .

. іΖ , і і. , , . , /. , , . 3.3. , : , (, , ). , , , -. , / 3 .

, , () . , 2 N2 . , , (. 3.4), (. 3.4). / , N2, 4, 26 .., .

, , , . , , , (. 3.4). ¥.

, , , 1 . , . ,

, (3.7)

(. . 4).

(3.7)

1 = 0 = ¥. , (. 3.4 ) , = ¥ , . ¥ () .

¥ , , , 1 . s , ,

, (3.8)

NA .

, ( , ), , , ¥ . r , , , d :

(3.9)

s d, 3.8 3.9 , , . . , . d . , ͖(2)NіΖ (. 3.5). , : 1.10 Å і, 1.54 Å і, 1.43 Å і 0.91 Å ΖH. , N ,

L ' [Å] = 1.10 + 1.54×N + 1.43 + 0.91 = 1.54×N + 3.44 (3.10)

, - 715 ( . 3.5) 1.54×6 + 3.44 = 12.68 Å. , d ' 1.3 .

, 180 90, . 3.5, 109.47, sp3 , , (. 3.5 ). (2)N:

L '' = {1.54×N + 3.44} sin(109.47/2) (3.10)

- {1.54×6 + 3.44}×sin(109.47/2) = 10.35 Å d '' 1.0 .

, . , . "" . "" , - , . , , . . 3.5 , і і, 2×1.10 + 1.54×cos(109.47/2) = 3.09 Å. , , -- 2 . , , . , -- ͅ 2.0 3.0 Å. , , 3.09 + 2.0 = 5.09 Å 3.09 + 3.0 = 6.09 Å. s :

s = (5.09 Å)2 (6.09 Å)2 0.26 2 0.37 2 (3.11)

s o .

, - 1.01 s o 0.30 2 ( 25 ), , s0 0.4 0.3 2 . -- .

 

 

:

- s ,

- G σ ,

- G ¥ G ,

- G ¥.

/ ( , /) . : 1) ; 2) ( ); 3) ; 4) ( ).

, ( ) R ( . ), , mg, , , F, , . F

F = mg + 4p Rs

s = (F mg)/4p R.

, , , , ( ) H (. . 6.3). , / . .

s. q - , r () , r 2 r 1 , . , , , cos q 1.

. n, , m, R. , mg/n, : mg/n = 2p× Rs ( ). 5.

. , , r 1 , , . , , . ( ; . . 3.6) , (). , , , . , "" , , p r 2(P 1 P 2), , , "" , , 2p rs. p r 2(P 1 P 2) = 2p rs :

s = r (P 1 P 2)/2 (3.12)

(P 1 P 2), , h , r.

(P 1 P 2) = hrg s = rhrg /2 (3.13)

, - s , (3.13)

(3.14)

h ( ). s h h s .

 

 

. , - 0.3, 0.15, 0.075, 0.0375, 0.0188 /. , ( ) . 1 . . .

, 5 (. 3.7) , . , ( ). 3 ( . 3.7 ) 5. () () 1 , 2 1 1. 4 2 5-10 . . 5 h ', . h = h ' . , 4 , , . . .

, ; , . , 2 . .

 

 

1. h (. . 3.1) , , . , s, (3.14), , s , ( 4), (. 4).

2. . 3.1 , s . . ( ) , s ( . 3.8 = 0.1 /). ( 2.2), . , s ~20 / s . (. . 3.2).

 

3. . (3.6) d s /d C ( / . 3.8), d s /d C , (/)× = . Z,

(3.15)

, Z (3.15). .

4. ¥, (3.7). (3.7), , ¥, 1 1 1 = 0 ( = ¥). ( . 3.2) : (. . 3.9) ( 3.2).

5. ¥ s0, , (3.8), d (3.9). - , :

r (/c3) = 0.8239 0.699×103 T 0.32×106 T 2 (3.16)

.

6. - 3.10, d, s s 3.11. , 3.3. .

 

 

1. ?

2. ? s?

3. ?

4. ? ?

5. s /? , s ?

6. ? ?

7. ? ?

8. ?

9. ?

10. ? s .

 

 

.., .., .., .., .. . . 1. : 1986, . 3.

- .. . 2. (. .) : 1962, 19.

. . (. .) : 1979, 1 2.

, . . (. .) : 1984, 2 3.

IUPAC, Division of Physical Chemistry. Manual of symbols and terminology for physico-chemical quantities and units. Pure and Applied Chemistry 1972, vol. 31, 577-638 ( )

Nakagaki M., Yamamoto M. The theory of the adsorption monolayer with lateral intermolecular interactions and its application to aqueous alcohol solutions. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 1977, vol. 50, 873-878. ( )

Posner A.M., Anderson J.R., Alexander A.E. The surface tension and surface potential of aqueous solutions of normal aliphatic alcohols. Journal of Colloid Science 1952, vol. 7, 623-640 ( . 3.8)

Landolt-Börnstein. Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. Berlin etc: Springer-Verlag 1927-1976 ( 3.16)

 

. 3.1 Y (, ) a b. Y. Y , ' .

 

. 3.2 . () 20 ; () 25 ; () ( ). .

 

. 3.3 25

 

. 3.4 () , () , () ( ).

 

. 3.5 ( -) "" . ) , ) , , ) , ""

 

. 3.6 , .

 

. 3.7 . 1 , 2- , 3 , 4 , 5 U-

 

. 3.8 - ( = 12 ). , Z ( ).

 

. 3.9 . ( . 3.8)


 

 



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