2.3.1 , 3.
2.3.2 1 , 2 5 .
2.3.3 4 , 10 11 .
2.3.4 () :
fb =åb -åb, , (2.1)
fb - ' ;
åb - () 2;
åb - ,
åb = 180 (n 2), (2.2)
n - .
: åb=b1+b2+b3+b4 =12746¢,0+9208¢,5+6927¢,5+7039¢,5=36001¢,5
åb = 180 (n 2) = 180 (4 2) =36000¢,
' fb = 36001¢,5 -36000¢= + 1¢,5.
2.3.5 '
fb = 1¢ = 2,0¢, (2.3)
fb - () ' ,
n - .
2.3.6 fb fb , ,
db = , (2.4)
fb - ' ,
- .
2.3.7 0,1¢ 2. , .
. db = 0,375¢ = - 0,4¢.
. ådb = - fb..
2.3.8 3.
b = bn db, (2.5)
bn - ;
db - .
. b1 = 12746,0¢+(-0,3¢)=12745,7¢.
b2 = 9208,5¢+(-0,4¢)=9208,1¢.
åb = åb..
2.3.9 4
a n = an-1 + 180 - bn , (2.6)
a n - ;
an-1 - ;
bn - .
. a1-2 =35948¢,0,
(2.6) :
a2-3 = 359 48,0¢ +180 - 9208,1¢ = 8739,9¢;
a3-4 = 8739,9¢ +180 - 6927,1¢ = 19812,8¢;
a4-1 = 19812,8¢ +180 - 7039,1¢ =30733,7¢.
2.3.10 a1-2 , : a1-2 =a4-1 + 180 - b1 = 307 33,7¢ +180 - 12745,7¢ = 359 48¢,0.
. 䒺, 360, - 360, 360.
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2.3.11 6,7
Ssa, = Ssina, (2.7)
S ;
a - .
. a1-2 =35948',0; S1-2 = 166,20, D1-2 = 166,20× cos 35948',0 = + 166,20; DY1-2 = 166,20 × sin 35948',0 = - 0,58 .
2.3.12 2.1.
2.1-
, | ||||
I (a=0¸ 90) | II(a=90¸180) | III (a=180¸ 270) | IU (a=270¸ 360) | |
DC | + | - | - | + |
DU | + | + | - | - |
2.3.13 ', :
1) '
= å ; y =å , (2.8)
å ,å - 6,7.
. = - 0,12; y = + 0,13.
2) '
= (2.9)
3)
= = (2.10)
- ';
- .
2.3.14 ,
d = , d = , (2.11)
, y - ' ;
- ;
S - .
6 7 .
. åd = - , åd = - .
. 1-2: d = ,
d = .
2.3.12 8 9
DC. =DC dC , DU.= DU dU, (2.12)
DC, DU ;
dC, dU, - ;
. DC1-2 = +166,20 + 0,03 = 166,23; DU.1-2 = - 0,58 0,03 = -0,61.
. , åDC. = 0; åDU.= 0.
2.3.13
X = X -1 DX; Y = Y -1 DY , (2.13)
X, Y - ;
X -1, Y -1 - ;
DC. , DU. .
. C2= +60,29 +166,23 = +226,52; U2 =+130,13 + (-0,61) =+129,52;
C3=+226,52+6,47 = +232,99; U3= +129,52+157,95= +287,47.
. : C1 =-1,36+ 61,65 =+ 60,29; U1 = + 210,28 80,15 = +130,13.
2.4
2.4.1 1:1000 , () .
2.4.2 10 1. , .2.1. ǒ , , 10. ǒ 10 . ѳ . -, . 0,3 .
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2.4.3 , , 3, 10,11, , . .
2.1
2.4.4 , , 100 .
2.4.5 , . 3 10,11 - .
. 1= +60,29 , 1= +130,13 . (00;100). 00 60,29, 璺 , 100 130,13 100 = 30,13 , .2.2.
.2.2 |
1,5 , , , 3.
2.4.6 . ³ ( 4,5). 0,3 .
2.4.7 1:1000 . 2 , 4. 璺 . :
1) , :
) 2 1-2 9220' 40,90, 40,9 1:1000;
) 1-4 1 55 07' 47,30 ;
2) () 2-3. 2-3, . ;
3) 3-4;
4) , 40,0, .
2.4.8 5. , 66 . . ˳ , 3 . ϳ . ϳ .
3 Բ IJ ̲Ҳ
3.1.1 , () .
3.1.2 .
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3.1.3 :
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) ;
6) ;
7) 1:1000.
3.2.1 1. , .
3.2.2 2 3. , .
3.2.3 Rp1 : , , = 0. , 82 - 144. 1 = 44,440. .
3.2.4 .4. , .
3.2.5 .5.
3.2.6 () 2.