, , , S2>S1. ΔS = S2 S1, ΔS > 0.
, , ..
ΔS > 0 (10)
S = max ΔS = 0 (11)
5: .
: , : . .
2 () + Cl2 () 2Cl ()
S298, /∙ 131 223 187
ΔS- = 2∙S(Cl) [S(2) + S(Cl2)]
ΔS- = 2∙187 (131 + 223) = 20 /
: ∆S>0, , .
, , , , , .
3.4. (- )
. , , .
, , , .. , , , , .. .
, , - , G.
∆G = ∆H T∆S (12)
∆ . . , ∆ , : Q1 = ∆.
ҷ∆S , .
T = const , , , : Q2 = ҷ∆S.
|
|
∆G , ∆G = Q1 - Q2, , .. , . , ∆G (P = const, T = const).
(12) I II .
:
,
,
∆G < 0 (13)
.
∆G > 0, . ∆G = 0, , .
) , , (∆H ∆S):
∆G = Σ i∆G298 - Σ i∆G298 . (14)
∆G / .
) ∆G , . ∆Ͱ ∆S.
, (.. ∆G<0) :
- (∆Ͱ<0), |∆| > |ҷ∆S|, .. , .
- (∆Ͱ>0), |∆| < |ҷ∆S|, .. , .
6: 100.
: , ∆G = ∆H T∆S. ∆Ͱ298 S298
N2() + 3H2() 2NH3()
∆Ͱ298, / 0 0 - 46
S298 , / 131 192 193
1)
∆Ͱ = 2∆Ͱ(NH3) [3∆Ͱ(H2) + ∆Ͱ(N2)]
∆Ͱ = 2(-46) (30 + 0) = -92 ()
∆Ͱ<0,
2)
∆S = 2S(NH3) [3S(H2) + S(N2)]
∆S = 2193 (3192+ 131) = 386 707 = - 321(/)
, ∆Ͱ ( )
∆S= - 0,321/
3)
∆G = ∆H T∆S = 100 + 273 = 373
∆G = -92 373 (-0,321) = -92 + 119,73 = 27,73 ()
|
|
∆G > 0, ( ). .
3.5.
. , ∆G < 0, . , ∆G > 0, . .
, . :
1) , ()
2) Σ∆G < 0
, . , -1- , () .
|
|
∆G = 17 + ( 30) = -13
:
:
:
1 2
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