, ( ) . , . , , , . , , , . , , , , 0,5 , . , , .
[24] ( , ) , . ( 30-40 , ), (). , () , .. , , . , , , .
(- ) .
, (. 5.12) : () ; () .
. .
( ) . . .
1. .
2. , , . () , . , , .
|
|
3. ( ).
4. (. . 5.2, 117º 36,5').
5. ( . : . 2-4). 236º 01,0'.
6. ( 1 2). .
7. , 180. .
15, , . . . .
8. . 2-5 .
. 5.12. :
; ; .
() () :
236º01,0' 117º36,5' = 118º24,5' ();
58º43,5' 300º18,5' = (58º43,5' + 360º) 300º18,5' = 118º25,0' ().
5.2
.
- | - | |||||||
117º36,5' | +1º36,5' | -0,75' | +1º37,25' | |||||
118º24,5' | ||||||||
236º01,0' | - 3º20,0' | -1,0' | - 3º19,0' | |||||
118º24,75' | ||||||||
300º18,5' | - 1º38,0' | |||||||
118º25,0' | ||||||||
58º43,5' | +3º18,0' |
360º.
β', β 360. () () :
(117º36,5' + 360º) 236º01,0' = 241º 35,5';
300º18,5' 58º43,5' = 241º35,0'.
, , , .
, .
|
|
42.2.
(. 5.12 ) (n ) , .. n . n, . ( ).
5.3
- | - | |||||
33º16,0' | ||||||
55º53'30'' | ||||||
200º56,5' | ||||||
55º53'45'' | ||||||
214º49,5' | ||||||
55º54'00'' | ||||||
22º31,5' |
1. . (. 5.3, 33º16,0').
2. . . . .
3. . , . . . , .
. . , , . .
15, , . 2 . , .
4. . 1, 2 3 n ( . 5.3 n = 3) . (200º56,5').
5. . 1 4.
:
- n:
(200º56,5' 33º16,0'): 3 = 55º53'30'';
(22º31,5' + 360º 214º49,5'): 3 = 55º54'00''.
0º (360º) N N 360º. N = 1;
- :
(55º53'30 55º5400): 2 = 55º53'45''.
(. 5.12 ) . . ( ).
1. . . , , , (001'15,6'') . 5.4.
2. ( ), 2, 3, 4, 5 (6636'24,3'' .).
3. (001'15,0'').
5.4
() | () | - | βi | |||
(001'14,6") | ||||||
001'15,6" | 18001'14,4" | 001'15,0" | 000'00,0" | |||
6636'24,3" | 24636'22,8" | 6636'23,6" | 6635'09,0" | 6635'09,0" | β1 | |
13805'08,7" | 31805'08,3" | 13805'08,5" | 13803'53,9" | 7128'44,9" | β2 | |
18142'36,0" | 142'35,1" | 18142'35,6" | 18141'21,0" | 4337'27,1" | β3 | |
27216'42,4" | 5216'41,0" | 27216'41,7" | 27215'27,1" | 9034'06,1" | β4 | |
001'15,0" | 18001'13,6" | 001'14,3" | (0) 36000'00,0" | 8744'32,9" | β5 |
|
|
5. ( ) , . , 5-, (. 3), : 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
, .
( 4) ( ).
4 1 (001'14,6") 5 () . .
( 6) .
, , , () . , . 5.13.
. 5.13. .
, (). , . .
ν = () ; ν = - () (5.5)
(5.5) ,
= 0,5[() + ()](5.6)
( ).
( ) . , . .
1. . (. 5.12 ) , ( ). (: . - +1º36,5'; . - - 3º18,0') . . 5.2.
2. ( ) . 1. .
|
|
() (5.6).
,
= 0,5 ( + ) = 0,5 (+1º36,5' 1º38,0') = - 0,75' = - 45";
= 0,5 ( + ) = 0,5 (- 3º20,0' + 3º18,0') = - 1,0' = - 60".
. (5.5).
:
ν = +1º36,5' (-0,75') = +1º37,25' = +1º37'15";
ν = - 3º20,0' (-1,0') = - 3º19,0' = - 3º19'00".
( ) .
. . 46.
.
1. .
2. () .
, 2-2 (. 5.2).
3. .
4. .
5. .
.
1 , . .
2 , , , .
3 ( ), , .
4 3 .
5 , 2 , , .
. , .
(2, 3, 4 5) 1 .
1. ( 1).
1. (. 5.14). .
2. 180 ( ).
, . .
3. , , , , , .
.
. 5.14. | . . , . , |
. . .
, . 2 , .. . . , n . (n /2) , . , .
|
|
2. ( 2).
2 - . 1/3 , 2 . . .
, 5 10 .
-.
3. ( 3).
1. (3 4) () . 45.
, 0, 3 .
. .
, 0, .
, , , , . , 0, .
2. - (5.6).
3. 30 ( ), .
15 , , . . .
.
4. ( ).
1. (1 1) , .
2. 30 180. .
15 180 .
3. .1 2 2.
= 0,5 [(1 1 180) + ( 2 2 180)]. (5.7)
( 30 1´, 15 0,5´), .
4.
= 0,5 (2 + 2 180). (5.8)
5. . ( ) .
6. ( ) .
.
5. ( 5).
1. (, ). - , 30 (. 5.15).
2. . . m ( ).
3.
, (5.9)
. 5.15. .
( ); ρ' = 3438'.
i 0,5´. 0,5´ .
niveau () nivalis (). . . , .
, 1 . , -05, -1, -2, -3, -10 0,5, 1, 2 ..
, , . 2, 3 .. : , 6 ; , , .
-05. 50 0,1 0,3 . 2 10". 0,05 .
-1 -2. -2 - () ( ) , 1 1 .
-3. -3 III IV .
-10 .
. , - , - . .
(. 5.16) , 3 4, 5 , , 8, 1 6.
1 2 . - 7 9, .
11, ( ). 10. , .
( . 38).
, ( ) , . . -10 . 5.17. 2-10 .
3-3 () 3-5 () | . 5.16. . |
2-10 , .
-10 , , ( ). . , , .
( ), . ( ).
, . () .
. 5.17. .
2-10 (). -10 ().
, ( ). -3 -10 , , ( ). , . , ( , ). -05 , 5 . 20 . 0,05 . 10', .
, .
, 1,5 4,0 , , - .
, .
, , . . ). , 3 4787 (4,787 ). 100 , 4787 4687. . . , , , 10%. 1,1 . , , , 1,1 , .
, (4 ).
, 1,2 . , , . , .