, , , (MotherBoard). , , (DughterBoard ) ().
( 46). , . , , , , , , .
. . : +12 V (), +5 (), (, ), +3.3 V (), -12 V (), -5V ().
, :
- , . , .
- , 5. 4 : 2.0/1.45. ( Pentium MMX ), 3.3, 2.5, 1.5 . .
- (System Clock), , .
- () . 168 DIMM ( ) 184 DDR. .
- () . , PCI. , ISA. (AGP PCI Express ). (, , , .) .
- , BIOS (Basic Input/Output System - /). BIOS , . BIOS , , , /. POST (Power On Self Test) . BIOS Chipset .
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- CMOS, BIOS (CMOS Setup).
- CMOS, ( ).
- HDD, FDD, CD-ROM, (, .), , ., USB.
- / (MIO, Multi Input Output chip), : , , .
- (Chipset) .
, , , .. . .
. ( ): (North Bridge, South Bridge), , , . : , . , , , ( ).
( ) : , ( ) . , , PCI Express ( AGP), . , , , , SATA, USB .
.
( ) , ( FSB - Front Side Bus) , , , .
( ), (AGP PCI Express). .
, , . , , () .
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( ), - - (. I/O Controller Hub ICH). , . , .
:
- PCI;
- DVD/CD (SATA ATA);
- DMA , DMA , , ;
- , ;
- LPC, (BIOS) -, ;
- (Power management), ;
(RTC - Real Time Clock) BIOS.
, Ethernet ( ).
, /, : I/O, Super I/O, MIO (Multi Input Output).
/ . , :
- ;
- (LPT);
- (COM) ;
- (PS/2);
- (PS/2).
/ , (MIDI ) . , , , . , Super I/O , .
I/O ISA . / LPC ISA. MIO .
, . :
- (Bus Clock Frequency),
- PCI AGP (PCI Clock Frequency),
- , (Core Voltage),
- .
, . .
( ).
, . , , PCI Express. (DDR).
, HUB (HI - Hub Interface, Hub ). Hub- 8- 66 . . HI Intel , , , .
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, PCI, SATA USB), , CMOS . PCI , SATA (.. ). PCI . PCI .
3 PCI
- AC97 ( , DC97, . digit controller. AC . Audio Codec), AC97. - , -> -> DMA. / .
:
- , .
- () DIMM (DDR).
- FDD ().
- IDE, (CD, DVD).
- -, BIOS.
- CMOS, .
- USB, .
- , , . .
, :
- -(. Flash-Memory) . - .
(. codec, coder/decoder / compressor/decompressor) , . . , .
DDR ( . Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) , , . .
DIMM (. Dual In-line Memory Module, ) - .
, (. ).
1. PS/2 ( ),
2. PS/2 ( ),
3. USB (0 1),
4. RS-232 (0 1),
5. LPT,
6. MIDI ,
7. ,
8. ,
9. .
