3
:
. -108
:
..
2008 .
3.
: .
, , .
, , , . , , , , .
, , .
, , .
:
Q= ΔU+A
(p-const) (Δ)
Δ=ΔU+pΔV
Q Δ .
.
aA+bB=cC+dD+Δ0298 ..
Δ0298 ..=d Δ0298 .D + c Δ0298 ..C - aΔ0298 . - b Δ0298 .
Δ0298 ..=Σ1U1 Δ0298 .. - Σ2 U2Δ0298 ...
, .
, .
ΔS=R * ln
ΔS=R *2,303*lg V2/V1
. , :
Q=(c1m1+c2m2+k)*(T2-T1)
1,2
m1, m2 -
k
T1, T2
.
. 50 . . 1.
KCl, 0,5 .
. .
1
τ, | ||||||||||
T1, 0C | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
T2, 0C | - | - | - | - | - | 18,8 | 18,7 | 18,8 | 18,9 | 18,9 |
|
|
, .
) : Q * Mc
Δ = mc * 1000, / (1)
Q ,
m ,
Q=(c1m1+c2m2+k)*(T2-T1) (2)
c1=4,185 /
c2=4,103 /
m1=50 =0,05
m2=5 =0,005
k=150 /
Δ=5,8 0
(2):
Q=(4,185*0,05+4,103*0,005+150)*(-5,8)=-871,3
(1):
Mc=74,5 /
Δ=(871,3*74,5)/(5*1000)=12,982 /
) :
ΔS=R *2,303*lg V2/V1
R=8,314 /
Δ-* Mc
Δm = m1 * 1000 = 193,7 /
: Q= .
: , .
NHCl = 0.2 VHCl =8 NNaOH =0.4 VNaOH = 50 NaCl = 58 / HOH=18 /
NaCl : mNaCl = NHCl* VHCl* MNaCl/1000 = 0.2*8*58/1000= 0,1
mH2O = 0.4*50*18/1000 =0.36
∆T = 2,21-1,93 = 0,28
Q. , NaCl = 4.103 /. H2O = 4.1 /, =239
Q. = (H2O mH2O+ NaCl mNaCl+K)∆T =(4,185*10³*0,36+4,103*10³*0,1+239)*0.45=108,4
- nNaCl = (NHCl*VHCl)/1000 = 0,2*8/1000 = 0,0016
VHCl . nHCl, .
nHCl = nNaCl = 0,0016
∆Ho298 = -57 /.
∆H = ∆H . / n =108,4/0,0016 = 67750=67,8
.
, .