A = - , - , ; n 1 - , .
1. . a1 aj Kr .
1. , Kr. . ai aj (, ) Kr, ij- .
, , . , .. () ai Kr, , i- S:
S = D + D2,
D - .
, ( ai aj) , ai i- S1:
S1 = A + A2,
A - .
A :
1) A ( n - ); 2) ( ) ; A; 3) i j , A i- j- , ai aj; ( ) .
, , , , , .
. , , :
11 | |||||||||||||||
, | 10 | ||||||||||||||
8 | |||||||||||||||
10 | |||||||||||||||
8 |
|
|
2. n > 2; n1 = 2; m = n(n-1)/2. ai aj Kr .
2. () ai - aj A, Sij > 0, ai aj Sij , () A (. [5]) S.
, j ,
, , , .., ai-aj , , m ((ij); (ji)) . , aj ai Kr q , , , ..
. . : S12 = 2,5; S13 = 5; S23 = 0,125.
:
Sij .
. , (, ) - , n .
3. n = n1 = 2; m > n. .
3.1. (.1):
1
( 3)
1 | 2 | |
a1 | b1 | |
a2 | b2 | |
i | ai | bi |
m | am | bm |
1. . t - (m - 1) .
-: d ( ).
2. , d .
, di n di ( mr). | di | Ri. | di | , . SRi(+) SRi(-) , .
|
|
mr > 25 .
. , . , , .
3.2. , . .
-: ( ) () , , .. . . ð=q=0.5. mr >50 c2, :
c2 =((|fo(+)-fe|-0.5)2+(|fo(-)-fe|-0.5)2)/fe,
fo(+), fo(-) - ( ) , fe - , 0,5*mr.
c2 , .
, , , . mr , :
Z=(|2x-mr|-1)/ Ö mr,
x - , mr - di, iÎmr ( ), .
3.3. , =|( )-( )|.
T>2Ö mr, 5% .
. . 100 . ( ) , .
.
1 | 2 | di 1-2 | ||
-3 | ||||
-12 | ||||
-15 | ||||
+10 | ||||
-5 | ||||
+15 | ||||
-10 | ||||
+8 | ||||
-9 | ||||
-21 |
, d i . t-, :
|
|
(m-1),
d, - .
: t -, . t.= 2,3; t.= 0,8 <t .
, - . .
4. n = n1 = 2; m > n. ( ).
4.1 (.2) .
2
( 4)
I ( i- ) | I ( I) | ||
I | a | b | |
I ( I) | n | d |
. n1(n1=2) a1 a2 . ( m1 ) (a1), ( m2 ) - - (a2).
H0: , a1 (a2) . H1: , a1 (a2) .
:
1 | 2 | ||
1 | A+B = m1 | ||
2 | C+ = m2 | ||
: | + | + | m |
: m =(m1 + m2) 30 m1,m2 15, . m > 30 A 15, c2.
c2= (|F0 - FL| - 0,5) / FL. c2 > c2 . H1 ( ). FLI :
FLA = ((A+B)(A+C))/N;
FLB = ((A+B)(B+D))/N ..
n1>2, c2 :
c2= (F0 FL)2 /FL.
. , , .
, 11 21 a1-a2, 12 22 - a2-a1. :
1 | 2 | ||
11 | 25() | 7() | A+B = m11 |
21 | 12() | 36() | C+ = m21 |
: | + | + | m1 |
1 | 2 | ||
12 | 6() | 2() | A+B = m12 |
22 | 5() | 17() | C+ = m22 |
: | + | + | m2 |
, . Ho: , , .
c2. Ho , , .. ð11 =0.3125; ð12 =0.087; ð21 =0.15; ð22 =0.45.
|
|
fe :
fe11= 30*0.3125=9.375; fe12= 2.625; fe21= 4.5; fe22= 13.5.
c2
c2=S(½ fo-fe½-0.5)2/fe,
, c2<<c2, .. Ho.
4.2. , , , , , , . k*2- .
1 | 2 | |
a1 | b1 | |
a2 | b2 | |
a3 | b3 | |
a4 | b4 |
ai, bi - , i - 1 (ai) 2 (bi).
-: , .. () 1 2 .
- c2 - c (k-1) .
. 1 2 :
1 | 2 | |
10 (a1) | 10 (b1) | |
15 (a2) | 10 (b2) | |
9 (a3) | 12 (b3) | |
5 (a4) | 7 (b4) |
, . 99%.
Ho: .
c2=[(Sai/(ai+bi))-a2/n]*n2/a*b= 2.01.
a=Sai, b=Sbi, n=(a+b).
c2 , c23;0.01, Ho.
. ( ), , -, ( [7]). , [6, .139]), " , , , , ".
5. n > 2; n1 2; m > n. , 2-3 .
5. , -, - [2,3]. , BIB - , , .
:
1. - ( ) n1 .
2. M ={bj}(j z) -, n1 . M k
M = U Mt, (t k), Mt = U Mt(e), (e s).
, , n1 = 2, s = 2. , , , ( ) , - .
.2 . , , . n = 4 n1 = 2 BIB- m = 18, = 3,k = 6. m - ; - ; k=n(n - 1)/2 - , .
Mt = Mt(1), U Mt(2); (t g),
Mt(1), Mt(2) ={bj}, (j d, d > l)
d> , d . .
|
|
3. , , M, sij ( ), , sij, , - sij(1), Mt(2). . . ( " ").
, .3, F-: F12=67,1; F13=18,0; F14=30,3; F23=15,6; F24=7,2; F34=1,6. 1- F =8,68.
3