1 :
q = (g + g ) b = (0,323 + 0,141)3 = 1,392 /;
q = P b = 1,59×3 = 4,77 /;
q = q + q = 1,392 + 4,77 = 6,162 /.
, ( , , ),
G = 1,392×2,084 = 2,901 - ;
P = 4,77×2,084 = 9,941 - .
. 35.
, , (2,084/2 + 2,648/2)/2,084 = 1,14 , , , 2,648/2/2,084 = 0,64 .
R = [0,5×17,8/2 + 1×(2,648 + 2×2,084) + (2,648 + 2,084) + 1,14×2,648]/17,8 = 1,07;
R = 0,5 + 1 + 1 + 1,14 +0,64 - 1,07 = 3,21.
. 23.
, 2- 3- .
, . , .
23
x | , | , | , | , | , | ||||||
3-10 | O 1 | -5,15 | -2,59 | -7,74 | -22,6 | -51,2 | -25,7 | -76,9 | -99,5 | ||
4-11 | O 2 | -5,15 | -2,59 | -7,74 | -22,6 | -51,2 | -25,7 | -76,9 | -99,5 | ||
5-13 | O 3 | -3,22 | -3,22 | -6,48 | -18,7 | -32 | -32,4 | -64,4 | -83,1 | ||
7-9 | U 1 | +4,77 | +1,83 | +6,6 | + 19,2 | +47,4 | +18,2 | +65,6 | 84,8 | ||
7-12 | U 2 | +4,27 | +2,88 | +7,15 | + 20,8 | +42,5 | +28,6 | +71,1 | 91,9 | ||
8-9 | D 1 | -5,43 | -2,11 | -7,54 | -21,9 | -53,9 | -21 | -74,9 | -96,8 | ||
9-10 | D 2 | +0,262 | +0,822 | +1,084 | +3,14 | +2,61 | +8,17 | +10,78 | 13,92 | ||
11-12 | D 3 | +1,1 | -0,58 | +0,52 | +1,51 | +10,94 | -5,77 | +5,17 | 12,45 | ||
12-13 | D 4 | -1,79 | +0,4 | -1,39 | -4,03 | -17,79 | +3,98 | -13,82 | -21,82 | ||
1-8 | V 1 | -0,643 | -0,643 | -1,86 | -6,39 | -6,39 | -8,25 | ||||
10-11 | V 2 | -1,004 | -1,004 | -2,91 | -9,98 | -9,98 | -12,89 | ||||
13-14 | V 3 | +1,084 | +1,084 | +2,168 | +6,29 | +10,78 | +10,78 | +21,56 | 27,85 | ||
R | - | 3,21 | 1,07 | 4,28 | 12,42 | 31,91 | 10,64 | 42,55 | 54,97 | ||
R | - | 1,07 | 3,21 | 4,28 | 12,42 | 10,64 | 31,91 | 42,55 | 54,97 |
. . , , .
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. 35.
3 - 10, 4 - 11, 5 - 13
P = (g + P ) S l cos α = (0,323 + 1,59)1,075×3×0,97 = 5,98 .
.
M = Pl /4 = 5,98×2,15/4 = 3,21 ×.
150 ´ 150 II-25-80, . 4.17. 3- , , II-25-80, . 3, . 1
R = R = R = 15/γ n = 15/0,95 = 15,8 ,
γ n - .
W = 150×1502/6 = 562,5×103 3;
F = F = 150×150 = 225×102 2;
λ = l /(0,289 h) = 2150/(0,289×150) = 49,6;
φ = 3000/λ2 = 3000/49,62 = 1,22;
ξ = 1 - N /(φ R F ) = 1 - 99,5×103/(1,22×15,8×225×102) = 0,77;
K = α + ξ(1 - α) = 1,22 + 0,77(1 - 1,22) = 1,05;
N / F + M /(K ξ W ) = 99,5×103/225×102 + 3,21×106/(1,05×0,77×562,5×103) = 4,42 + 7,06 = 11,48 < R = 15,8 .
, l = 1,075 ≈ 7 b = 7×0,15 = 1,05 .
2 - 8 . P 1, P 2, P 3 R 1 R 2 2-8 (. 36)
P 1 = P (0,08 + 0,5/2)/1,075 = 5,98×0,33/1,075 = 1,84 ;
P 2 = P (0,5/2 + 1,075/2)/1,075 = 5,98×0,7875/1,075 = 4,38 ;
P 3 = P = 5,98 ;
R 1 = (1,84×2,65 + 4,38×2,15 + 5,98×1,075)/2,73 = 7,55 ;
R 2 = 1,84 + 4,38 + 5,98 - 7,55 = 4,65 .
. 36.
2 - 8 M = 4,65×1,075 = 5 ×.
2 ´ 70 ´ 150 2- .
M / W = 6×5×106/(2×70×1502) = 9,5 < R /γ n = 130/0,95 = 13,7 .
. .
Ni - , , ; N - ; l - ; F - ; E' - , . 6.29.
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. 36, Δ i . 24, Δ0 = 54 , Δ1 = 90 , Δ2 = 84 , Δ3 = 75 .
- , , , (. . 34), . ( . -. ., 1960, . 16.5.1.)
, : M = 0,007 ×; Mq = -0,533 ×.
:
M = Pl 1/4 + M /2 = 5,98×2,15/4 + 0,007/2 = 3,22 ×;
M = Pl 2/4 + (M + Mq)/2 = 5,98×2,15/4 + (0,007 - 0,533)/2 = 2,95 ×;
M = Pl 3/4 + Mq /2 = 5,98×2,15/4 - 0,533/2 = 2,95 ×.
N / F + M / W = 99,5×103/225×102 + 3,22×106/562,5×103 = 10,15 < R /γ n = 11×0,95 = 11,6 .
U 2 = 91,9 .
F = U 2/(0,75 R ) = 91,9×103/(0,75×5,9) = 2,08×104 2,
25 % ;
2- γ n m 0:
R = m 0×7/γ n = 0,8×7/0,95 = 5,9 .
24
F, 2 | m | , | N , | E , | Δ0, | Δ1, | Δ2, | Δ3, | |||||
N 0 0 = 1 | N 1 1 = 1 | N 2 2 = 1 | N 3 3 = 1 | ||||||||||
2-5 | 2,25×104 | 1,5 | -99500 | 2631,6 | -1,08 | +3,902 | -1,83 | +6,612 | -1,56 | +5,636 | -1,24 | +4,48 | |
2-6 | 2,25×104 | -99500 | -1,08 | +2,282 | -1,83 | +3,867 | -1,56 | +3,296 | -1,24 | +2,62 | |||
2-8 | 2,25×104 | 1,5 | -83100 | 2432,3 | -0,5 | +1,632 | -0,81 | +2,644 | -1,2 | +3,918 | -1,52 | +4,963 | |
3-9 | 2,25×104 | 1,5 | -83100 | 2432,3 | -0,5 | +1,632 | -0,81 | +2,644 | -1,2 | +3,918 | -1,52 | +4,963 | |
3-11 | 2,25×104 | -99500 | -0,45 | +0,951 | -0,66 | +1,394 | -1 | +2,113 | -1,24 | +2,62 | |||
3-12 | 2,25×104 | 1,5 | -99500 | 2631,6 | -0,45 | +1,626 | -0,66 | +2,385 | -1 | +3,613 | -1,24 | +4,48 | |
2-4 | 2,25×104 | -96800 | 2199,1 | -1,82 | +10,68 | -1,54 | +9,037 | -1,32 | +7,746 | -1,05 | +6,162 | ||
4-5 | 1,05×104 | +13920 | 380,74 | -0,71 | -6,205 | +0,5 | +4,37 | +0,415 | +3,627 | +0,34 | +2,972 | ||
5-6 | 1,05×104 | -12890 | 277,88 | -1 | +8,527 | ||||||||
6-7 | 1,05×104 | +6680 | 235,06 | +0,53 | +4,474 | +0,94 | +7,935 | -0,315 | -2,659 | -0,25 | -2,11 | ||
7-8 | 2,25×104 | -17850 | 300,12 | -0,34 | +2,812 | -0,61 | +5,045 | -0,88 | +7,278 | +0,17 | -1,406 | ||
8-9 | 2,25×104 | 4,5 | +27850 | +0,24 | +1,128 | +0,4 | +1,879 | +0,59 | +2,772 | -0,24 | -1,128 | ||
9-10 | 2,25×104 | -17850 | 300,12 | +0,05 | -0,414 | +0,095 | -0,786 | +0,105 | -0,868 | +0,17 | -1,406 | ||
10-11 | 1,05×104 | +6680 | 235,06 | +0,06 | +0,506 | -0,135 | -1,14 | -0,18 | -1,519 | -0,25 | -2,11 | ||
11-12 | 1,05×104 | -12890 | 277,83 | ||||||||||
12-13 | 1,05×104 | +13920 | 380,74 | +0,075 | +0,561 | +0,21 | +1,572 | +0,245 | +1,834 | +0,34 | +2,545 | ||
3-13 | 2,25×104 | 4,5 | -96800 | 1087,5 | -0,41 | +4,866 | -0,53 | +6,291 | -0,61 | +7,24 | -1,05 | +12,462 | |
1-4 | 2,25×104 | 3,5 | +84800 | 2389,2 | +1,62 | +12,087 | +1,35 | +10,073 | +1,18 | +8,804 | +0,92 | +6,864 | |
1-7 | 2,25×104 | +91900 | 2187,9 | +0,7 | +5,449 | +1,17 | +9,108 | +1,71 | +13,311 | +1,37 | +10,665 | ||
1-10 | 2,25×104 | +91900 | 2187,9 | +0,46 | +3,581 | +0,71 | +5,527 | +1,04 | +8,096 | +1,37 | +10,665 | ||
1-13 | 2,25×104 | 3,5 | +84800 | 2389,2 | +0,36 | +2,686 | +0,45 | +3,358 | +0,765 | +5,708 | +0,92 | 6,864 |
16 .
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II-25-80 . 17, T, , :
T 1 = 0,5 cd = 0,5×15×1,6 = 12 ;
T 2 = 0,8 ad = 0,87×1,6 = 9 ;
T 3 = 1,8 d 2 + 0,02 a 2 = 1,8×1,62 + 0,02×72 = 5,6 < 250 = 250×1,62 = 6,4 .
n = U 2(2 T 3) = 91,9/(2×5,6) = 8,2 .
10 , 4 .
U 2/ F = 91,9×103/1,65×104 = 5,6 < R = 5,9 ,
F = 2(70×150 - 2×16×70) = 1,65×104 2.
8 - 9.
1 = 96,8 , l 1 = 3×103 .
150 ´ 150 , F = 2,25×104 2;
λ = l 1/(0,289 b) = 300/(0,289×15) = 69,2 < 70;
φ = 1 - a (λ/100)2 = 1 - 0,8(69,2/100)2 = 0,617;
1/(φ F ) = 96,8×103/(0,617×2,25×104) = 6,98 < R = 11,6 .
3 = 12,45 ; ' 3 = -4,26 ; l 2 = 323 .
70 ´ 150 2-
' 3/(φ F ) = 4,26×103/(0,118×70×150) = 3,44 < R = 13,7 .
φ = 3000/λ2 = 3000/1592 = 0,118,
λ = l 2/(0,289 h) = 3,23×103/(0,289×70) = 159 > 150 (. 14 II-25-80).
, , . 9 - 10 70 ´ 150 .
12 - 13
4 = -21,82 , l 3 = 3,23×103 .
150 ´ 150 3-
4/(φ F ) = 21,82×103/(0,539×2,25×104) = 1,8 < R = 8,9 ,
φ = 3000/λ2 = 3000/74,62 = 0,539;
λ = 3,23×103/(0,289×150) = 74,6.
1 - 8 10 - 11 70 ´ 150 3- .
13 - 14
V 3 = 27,85 . -II d = 16 , F = 140,8 2;
V 3/ F = 27850/140,8 = 198 < 0,8 Ra γ/γ n = 0,8×285×0,9/0,95 = 216 ,
Ra = 285 -II; 0,8 - ; γ = 0,9 - .
. 34.
(. 37).
. , , .
1 = 96,8 . , 16 , ,
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F = 150×150 - 150×1,6 = 2,01×104 2.
36:
tg α = (0,75 + 2,25×2,648/8,9)/2,648 = 1,42/2,648 = 0,536; α = 2812 '.
σ = 1/ F = 96,8×103/2,01×104 = 4,8 < R α/γ n = 7,6/0,95 = 8 ,
R α - 3- α = 2812 ' , (2) II-25-80.
70 ´ 150 . 10 16 , 5 .
U 1/ F = 81,8×103/[2(70×150 - 2×16×70)] = 5,13 < R = 13,7 .
-II.
F = U 1γ n /(Ra γ mam) = 84,8×103×0,95/(285×0,9×0,8×0,85) = 457 2,
m = 0,85 - , ( II-25-80, . 3.4).
. 37.
1 - 16 ; 2 - 16 ; 3, 4, 5 - 15 ´ 75 ´ 6; 6 - 465 ´ 50 ´ 3 ; 7, 8 - 16 ; 9 - 1020 ´ 150 ´ 70 ; 10 - K 5 ´ 70
16 F = 4×140,8 = 563,2 > 457 2.
. , ,
q = U 1/ b = 84800/150 = 505 /,
M = 565×150×110/2 - 565×752/2 = 4,66×106 - 1,59×106 = 3,07×106 ×;
W = M γ n /(2 Ry γ) = 3,07×106×0,95/(2×245,0×0,95) = 6,27×103 2,
Ry = 245 - 3 4 - 10 .
75 ´ 75 ´ 6 8509-72 .,
Ix = 46,6×104 4; Z 0 = 20,6 ; Wx = Ix /(b - Z 0) = 46,6×104/(75 - 20,6) = 8,57×103 > W = 6,27×103 3.
75 ´ 75 ´ 6 .
5 3 , 50 3. ( II-25-80, . 17, . 3):
T = 4 d 2 = 4×0,52 = 1 ;
n = V 1/ T = 8,25/1 = 8,25 .,
.. 5 . , , 540 16 .
16 , . . α = 90 - 14 = 76, 14 - . k α = 0,647 II-25-80, . 19.
T = 2×2,5 d 2 = 2×2,5×1,62 = 10,3 > V 1 = 8,25 .
. 38.
R = 54,97
b = R γ n /(bR 90) = 54,97×103×0,95/(150×3) = 116 .
15 .
(. 38)